Neuroscience Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
University Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 27;7(1):14283. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14752-8.
Between 1989 and 1995, NASA evaluated how increases in flight duration of up to 17 days affected the health and performance of Space Shuttle astronauts. Thirty-one Space Shuttle pilots participating in 17 space missions were tested at 3 different times before flight and 3 different times after flight, starting within a few hours of return to Earth. The astronauts moved their head and eyes as quickly as possible from the central fixation point to a specified target located 20°, 30°, or 60° off center. Eye movements were measured with electro-oculography (EOG). Head movements were measured with a triaxial rate sensor system mounted on a headband. The mean time to visually acquire the targets immediately after landing was 7-10% (30-34 ms) slower than mean preflight values, but results returned to baseline after 48 hours. This increase in gaze latency was due to a decrease in velocity and amplitude of both the eye saccade and head movement toward the target. Results were similar after all space missions, regardless of length.
1989 年至 1995 年，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）评估了飞行时间延长至 17 天对航天飞机宇航员的健康和表现的影响。31 名参与 17 次太空任务的航天飞机飞行员在飞行前的 3 个不同时间点和飞行后的 3 个不同时间点进行了测试，从返回地球后的几个小时内开始。宇航员将头部和眼睛尽可能快地从中央注视点移到位于中心 20°、30°或 60°的指定目标。使用眼电图（EOG）测量眼动。头部运动使用安装在头带上的三轴速率传感器系统进行测量。着陆后立即视觉获取目标的平均时间比飞行前平均值慢 7-10%（30-34 毫秒），但在 48 小时后恢复到基线。这种注视潜伏期的增加是由于眼睛扫视和头部向目标移动的速度和幅度都降低了。所有太空任务后的结果都相似，与任务长度无关。
