Mutz Michael, Albrecht Peggy
Institute of Sport Science, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Faculty of Social Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
J Child Fam Stud. 2017;26(11):3026-3035. doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0808-3. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Physical activity is a health relevant factor, particularly in affluent societies where overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent, even among children. Understanding the development of physical activity patterns in childhood is thus an important issue for health promotion. Following socialization theory, this study describes and explains differences in objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a socially and ethnically mixed sample of 6- to 11-year-old children in Germany. MVPA levels were objectively measured with accelerometers over the course of six consecutive days (Wednesday to Monday). Parents' attitudes and practices as well as the family's socio-economic status (SES) were assessed from the parents via questionnaires. Results indicate that MVPA levels of children vary with gender, but not with age and ethnicity. Moreover, parental SES, parental support for the child's sports activities, parents' own sport activities and the parents' belief in sports' capacities to foster personality development, character building and social integration significantly predict the MVPA level of children. It is concluded that interventions to promote MVPA among children need to take family interactions and lifestyles into account and should address families in socio-economically underprivileged areas.
身体活动是一个与健康相关的因素，在富裕社会中尤为如此，在这些社会里，超重和肥胖现象日益普遍，甚至在儿童中也是如此。因此，了解儿童身体活动模式的发展对于促进健康而言是一个重要问题。依据社会化理论，本研究描述并解释了德国一个社会和种族混合的6至11岁儿童样本在客观测量的中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）方面的差异。通过加速度计在连续六天（周三至周一）的时间里对MVPA水平进行客观测量。通过问卷从家长那里评估家长的态度和行为以及家庭的社会经济地位（SES）。结果表明，儿童的MVPA水平因性别而异，但不因年龄和种族而有所不同。此外，家长的SES、家长对孩子体育活动的支持、家长自身的体育活动以及家长对体育在促进个性发展、品格塑造和社会融合方面能力的信念，都能显著预测儿童的MVPA水平。研究得出结论，促进儿童MVPA的干预措施需要考虑家庭互动和生活方式，并且应该针对社会经济条件较差地区的家庭。
