Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671, Athens, Greece.
Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Melbourne, Australia.
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Sep;57(6):2001-2036. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1564-2. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Despite an acknowledged dearth of data on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations from Southern European countries, inter-country comparison is hampered by inconsistent data reporting. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic literature review of available data on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and estimate vitamin D status in Southern European and Eastern Mediterranean countries, both at a population level and within key population subgroups, stratified by age, sex, season and country.
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify and retrieve scientific articles reporting data on serum 25(OH)D concentration and/or vitamin D status following standard procedures.
Data were extracted from 107 studies, stratified by sex and age group, representing 630,093 individuals. More than one-third of the studies reported mean 25(OH)D concentrations below 50 nmol/L and ~ 10% reported mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 25 nmol/L. Overall, females, neonates/ infants and adolescents had the higher prevalence of poor vitamin D status. As expected, there was considerable variability between studies. Specifically, mean 25(OH)D ranged from 6.0 (in Italian centenarians) to 158 nmol/L (in elderly Turkish men); the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L ranged from 6.8 to 97.9% (in Italian neonates).
Contrary to expectations, there was a high prevalence of low vitamin D status in the Southern Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean regions, despite abundant sunshine. These data further emphasize the need for strategies, such as fortification of foods with vitamin D and/or vitamin D supplementation, which will be tailored to the needs of specific population groups with higher risk of insufficiency or deficiency, to efficiently tackle the pandemic of hypovitaminosis D in Europe.
尽管南欧国家缺乏血清 25-羟维生素 D（25（OH）D）浓度的数据，但由于数据报告不一致，国家间比较受到阻碍。本研究的目的是对南欧和东地中海国家的血清 25（OH）D 浓度进行系统的文献回顾，并评估人群水平和关键人群亚组（按年龄、性别、季节和国家分层）的维生素 D 状态。
系统地对文献进行了回顾，以按照标准程序确定并检索报告血清 25（OH）D 浓度和/或维生素 D 状态数据的科学文章。
从 107 项研究中提取数据，按性别和年龄组分层，代表 630093 个人。超过三分之一的研究报告平均 25（OH）D 浓度低于 50 nmol/L，约 10%的研究报告平均血清 25（OH）D 浓度低于 25 nmol/L。总体而言，女性、新生儿/婴儿和青少年维生素 D 状态不良的患病率较高。正如预期的那样，研究之间存在相当大的差异。具体而言，平均 25（OH）D 范围从 6.0（意大利百岁老人）到 158 nmol/L（土耳其老年男性）；血清 25（OH）D<50 nmol/L 的患病率范围从 6.8%到 97.9%（意大利新生儿）。
与预期相反，尽管阳光充足，但南欧和东地中海地区维生素 D 状态低下的患病率很高。这些数据进一步强调了需要采取策略，如通过强化食品补充维生素 D 和/或维生素 D 补充剂，以满足存在更高不足或缺乏风险的特定人群群体的需求，以有效地解决欧洲维生素 D 缺乏症的流行。
