O'Hanlon Katherine P, Budosan Boris
Principal Consultant, Maximus, Inc.; ABEM Emergency Physician, email
Consultant Psychiatrist.
BJPsych Int. 2015 May 1;12(2):44-47. doi: 10.1192/s2056474000000295. eCollection 2015 May.
After a large-scale humanitarian disaster, 30-50% of victims develop moderate or severe psychological distress. Rates of mild and moderate mental disorders increase by 5-10% and severe disorders by 1-2%. Those with such disorders need access to mental healthcare. Primary care clinics are appropriate due to their easy accessibility and the non-stigmatising environment. There is a consensus among experts that the mental health effects of disaster are best addressed by existing services, that is, through capacity building rather than by establishing parallel systems. Mental health interventions in emergencies should begin with a clear vision for the long-term advancement of community services.
在大规模人道主义灾难之后，30%至50%的受害者会出现中度或重度心理困扰。轻度和中度精神障碍的发生率增加5%至10%，重度障碍增加1%至2%。患有此类障碍的人需要获得心理保健服务。基层医疗诊所因其易于就诊且环境无歧视性而较为合适。专家们一致认为，灾难对心理健康的影响最好通过现有服务来解决，即通过能力建设而非建立并行系统。紧急情况下的心理健康干预应从对社区服务的长期发展有清晰愿景开始。
