Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre in Health and Social Services, Sherbrooke, QC J1J 3H5, Canada.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 1B1, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 12;16(8):1309. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081309.
Emergencies and disasters typically affect entire communities, cause substantial losses and disruption, and result in a significant and persistent mental health burden. There is currently a paucity of evidence on safe and effective individual- and community-level strategies for improving mental health before, during, and after such events. In October 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) Centre for Health Development (WHO Kobe Centre) convened a meeting bringing together leading Asia Pacific and international disaster research experts. The expert meeting identified key research needs in five major areas, one being "Psychosocial management before, during, and after emergencies and disasters". Experts for this research area identified critical gaps in observational research (i.e., the monitoring of long-term psychological consequences) and interventional research (i.e., the development and evaluation of individual- and community-level interventions). Three key research issues were identified. First, experts underscored the need for a standardized and psychometrically robust instrument that classified the mental health/psychosocial risk of people within both a clinical and community setting. Then, the need for a standardization of methods for prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for affected people was highlighted. Finally, experts called for a better identification of before, during, and after emergency or disaster assets associated with greater community resilience.
紧急情况和灾害通常会影响整个社区，造成重大损失和混乱，并导致严重且持续的心理健康负担。目前，关于在事件发生之前、期间和之后，提高个人和社区心理健康水平的安全有效的个体和社区层面的策略的证据很少。2018 年 10 月，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）健康发展中心（世卫组织神户中心）召集了一次会议，召集了亚太地区和国际灾害研究专家。专家会议确定了五个主要领域的关键研究需求，其中一个是“紧急情况和灾害之前、期间和之后的心理社会管理”。该研究领域的专家确定了观察性研究（即监测长期心理后果）和干预性研究（即制定和评估个人和社区层面的干预措施）中的关键差距。确定了三个关键研究问题。首先，专家强调需要一种标准化和心理测量上可靠的工具，该工具可在临床和社区环境中对人们的心理健康/心理社会风险进行分类。然后，强调需要为受影响的人制定预防、筛查、诊断和治疗方法的标准化。最后，专家呼吁更好地确定与更大的社区复原力相关的紧急情况或灾害之前、期间和之后的资产。
