Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine.
Department of Psychology and Education, University of Pittsburgh.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2018 Feb;32(1):104-114. doi: 10.1037/adb0000323. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
This study examined marijuana-related cognitions and marijuana use in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) girls, with the aim of characterizing their interrelationships from early to late adolescence. Identifying differences by race in these relationships would have implications for tailoring interventions to specific subgroups. Data were drawn from the Pittsburgh Girls Study, an urban community sample (56.8% AA, 43.2% EA; n = 2,172) recruited at ages 5-8 years and assessed each year. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted separately by race to identify patterns of association between marijuana use and related cognitions (i.e., intentions to use, positive attitude toward use, positive and negative expectancies) assessed at ages 12-17 years. Results indicated that AA girls consistently reported higher negative expectancies than EA girls and greater intention to use marijuana, but they did not differ from EA girls on positive expectancies. In cross-lagged models, bidirectional effects between negative expectancies and marijuana use were observed in AA and EA girls across all ages, and at most ages for intentions to use, but were largely absent in both groups for positive attitude. Bidirectional effects of marijuana use with positive expectancies were observed only in AA girls at certain ages. Overall, results demonstrate more similarities than differences between AA and EA girls in the longitudinal associations between marijuana-related cognitions and marijuana use. Results highlight the role of negative expectancies as shaping and being shaped by marijuana use. Interventions that target negative expectancies to reduce marijuana use may be useful for AA and EA adolescent girls. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究考察了非洲裔美国（AA）和欧洲裔美国（EA）女孩的大麻相关认知和大麻使用情况，旨在从青少年早期到晚期描述它们之间的相互关系。通过比较这些关系在种族上的差异，可以为针对特定亚组的干预措施提供依据。研究数据来自匹兹堡女孩研究，这是一个城市社区样本（56.8%为 AA，43.2%为 EA；n=2172），在 5-8 岁时招募，并在每年进行评估。通过种族分别进行交叉滞后面板模型，以确定大麻使用和相关认知（即使用意向、对使用的积极态度、积极和消极期望）在 12-17 岁之间的关联模式。结果表明，AA 女孩始终报告的消极期望高于 EA 女孩，且使用大麻的意向更高，但在积极期望方面与 EA 女孩没有差异。在交叉滞后模型中，在所有年龄段，AA 和 EA 女孩的消极期望和大麻使用之间均观察到双向影响，在大多数年龄段，使用意向也存在双向影响，但在两个群体中，积极态度的双向影响则基本不存在。在某些年龄，仅在 AA 女孩中观察到大麻使用与积极期望之间的双向影响。总的来说，结果表明，AA 和 EA 女孩在大麻相关认知和大麻使用之间的纵向关联上存在更多的相似之处，而不是差异。结果强调了消极期望在塑造和被大麻使用塑造中的作用。针对消极期望以减少大麻使用的干预措施可能对 AA 和 EA 青少年女孩有用。
