Department of Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo Blvd. 21, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Academy, George Sofiiski Str. 3, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 8;25(19):10788. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910788.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, usually cationic peptides with an amphiphilic structure, which allows them to easily bind and interact with the cellular membranes of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens. Bacterial AMPs, or bacteriocins, can be produced from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria via ribosomal synthesis to eliminate competing organisms. Bacterial AMPs are vital in addressing the increasing antibiotic resistance of various pathogens, potentially serving as an alternative to ineffective antibiotics. Bacteriocins have a narrow spectrum of action, making them highly specific antibacterial compounds that target particular bacterial pathogens. This review covers the two main groups of bacteriocins produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, their modes of action, classification, sources of positive effects they can play on the human body, and their limitations and future perspectives as an alternative to antibiotics.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是具有两亲性结构的短肽，通常带正电荷，使其能够轻易地与病毒、细菌、真菌和其他病原体的细胞膜结合和相互作用。细菌 AMPs（或细菌素）可以通过核糖体合成从革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌中产生，以消除竞争生物体。在应对各种病原体不断增加的抗生素耐药性方面，细菌 AMPs 至关重要，它们可能成为无效抗生素的替代品。细菌素的作用范围较窄，因此它们是高度特异的抗细菌化合物，针对特定的细菌病原体。本综述涵盖了革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌产生的两类主要细菌素，它们的作用模式、分类、对人体可能产生的积极影响的来源，以及作为抗生素替代品的局限性和未来展望。
