Kopp-Bigault C, Audouard-Marzin Y, Scouarnec P, Beauchamp G, Séguin M, Walter M
University of Strasbourg (EA3071), 67000 Strasbourg, France; Morlaix Hospital, 29600 Brittany, France.
Collège des hautes études en médecine (CHEM), 29200 Brest, France; CRPV, centre hospitalier universitaire régional de Brest, 29200 Brest, France.
Encephale. 2018 Nov;44(5):435-445. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Training health professionals about suicidal crisis is one major line of suicide prevention worldwide. France has one of the highest suicide rates in Europe, and although crisis intervention training has been set up since 2001, there presently is no training assessment tool in the French language for health professionals trained in suicide prevention. In the four levels of Kirpatrick's education pyramid, training that takes place in France today solely assesses level one status, that is to say relative to the level of satisfaction of participants (self-report). This study proposes a validated short French version of the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory-2 (SIRI-2) of Neimeyer & Mc Innes. The SIRI-2 questionnaire assesses the ability of first line intervention in dealing with suicidal individuals.
The translation methodology was inspired from Vallerand's model of cross-cultural back translation. This method is regularly used for translating from the English language to a French version. In order to translate the English version, we used an extensive 7-step methodology implicating several bilingual translators, expert reviewers (psychologists and psychiatrists) and a scientific committee. Participants were 107 students from different French universities and study programs: psychology, medicine and nursing (17 were men; average age was 26.6). Fifteen of these participants answered the SIRI-2-VF on two occasions (separated by a 15-day interval) in order to estimate the temporal stability of the instrument. The scores of the students were compared to six French experts in suicide prevention and with the original expert group who worked on the development of SIRI-2 (n=7). We used Student t Test for construct validity, Cronbach's Alpha for internal consistency and Pearson's correlation coefficient for temporal stability.
Following a fidelity comparison of the results of the French experts with those of the American experts, ten items presenting the least good fidelity were suppressed in order to obtain a short version of the SIRI-2 containing 15 questions (SIRI-2-VF). Statistical analyses of the short version (15 questions, SIRI-2-VF) showed good validity (difference between experts and subjects is significant: t=31.5, P<0.001) and reliability (good internal consistency: α=0.850 for positive statements and α=0.830 for negative statements, and a temporal stability: r=0.827, bilateral test, P<0.001).
This tool should improve the range of specific instruments in French suicidology adapted for French culture of suicide intervention. It is the first tool in France that reaches level 2a of Kirkpatrick's pyramid to assess clinical skills after training in suicidology.
对卫生专业人员进行自杀危机培训是全球自杀预防的一个主要方向。法国是欧洲自杀率最高的国家之一，尽管自2001年以来已开展危机干预培训，但目前尚无针对接受过自杀预防培训的卫生专业人员的法语培训评估工具。在柯克帕特里克教育金字塔的四个层次中，法国目前开展的培训仅评估第一层次的状况，即参与者的满意度（自我报告）。本研究提出了经过验证的内梅耶和麦金尼斯的《自杀干预反应量表-2》（SIRI-2）的简短法语版本。SIRI-2问卷评估一线干预应对自杀个体的能力。
翻译方法借鉴了瓦勒朗的跨文化回译模型。这种方法经常用于从英语翻译成法语版本。为了翻译英语版本，我们采用了广泛的七步方法，涉及多位双语翻译人员、专家评审员（心理学家和精神科医生）以及一个科学委员会。参与者是来自法国不同大学和专业的107名学生：心理学、医学和护理学专业（17名男性；平均年龄26.6岁）。其中15名参与者分两次（间隔15天）回答了SIRI-2-VF问卷，以评估该工具的时间稳定性。将学生的得分与六位法国自杀预防专家以及参与SIRI-2编制的原始专家组（n=7）的得分进行比较。我们使用学生t检验评估结构效度，使用克朗巴哈α系数评估内部一致性，使用皮尔逊相关系数评估时间稳定性。
在对法国专家和美国专家的结果进行保真度比较后，删除了10个保真度最差的项目，以获得包含15个问题的SIRI-2简短版本（SIRI-2-VF）。对简短版本（15个问题，SIRI-2-VF）的统计分析显示出良好的效度（专家与受试者之间的差异显著：t=31.5，P<0.001）和信度（良好的内部一致性：积极陈述的α=0.850，消极陈述的α=0.830，以及时间稳定性：r=0.827，双侧检验，P<0.001）。
该工具应能完善法语自杀学中适用于法国自杀干预文化的特定工具范围。它是法国首个达到柯克帕特里克金字塔2a级水平的工具，用于评估自杀学培训后的临床技能。
