一项横断面调查，研究报告与心血管代谢风险相关的饮食模式的英国警察部队员工的职业和社会人口统计学特征：来自空中波健康监测研究的结果。
A cross-sectional investigation into the occupational and socio-demographic characteristics of British police force employees reporting a dietary pattern associated with cardiometabolic risk: findings from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study.
机构信息
Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, University of London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG, UK.
出版信息
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Dec;57(8):2913-2926. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1562-4. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
PURPOSE
The aims of this study were to (1) determine the association between diet quality using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and cardiometabolic risk in a British working population and (2) identify employee characteristics associated with reporting a poorer quality dietary pattern.
METHODS
British police employees enrolled (2007-2012) into the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (n = 5527) were included for sex-specific cross-sectional analyses. Dietary intakes were measured using 7-day food records. DASH score was calculated to determine diet quality. Logistic regression evaluated associations between (1) diet quality and increased cardiometabolic risk (defined as ≥ 3 risk markers: dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure, waist circumference, CRP or HbA1c), and (2) poor diet quality (lowest fifth of DASH score distribution) and employee characteristics.
RESULTS
Employees recording a poor diet quality had greater odds (OR) of increased cardiometabolic risk independent of established risk factors (demographic, lifestyle and occupational) and BMI: men OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.12-2.00), women: OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.19-2.97) compared to the healthiest diet group. Characteristics associated with reporting a poor quality diet were employment in Scotland vs. England: men OR 1.88 (95% CI 1.53-2.32), women: OR 1.49 (95% CI 1.11-2.00), longer working hours (≥ 49 vs. ≤40 h) men: OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.21-1.92) women: OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.12-2.09). For men, job strain (high vs. low) was associated with reporting a poor diet quality OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.30-2.12).
CONCLUSIONS
The general population disparities in diet quality between England and Scotland were reflected in British police employees. The association of longer working hours and job strain with diet quality supports the targeting of workplace nutritional interventions.
目的
本研究旨在：(1) 评估英国在职人群中采用 DASH 饮食评分评估的饮食质量与心血管代谢风险之间的关联；(2) 明确与较差饮食模式报告相关的员工特征。
方法
英国警察员工（2007-2012 年）被纳入“Airwave 健康监测研究”（n=5527）进行按性别分层的横断面分析。采用 7 天食物记录法评估膳食摄入量。计算 DASH 评分以确定饮食质量。采用逻辑回归评估饮食质量与（1）心血管代谢风险增加（定义为≥3 个风险标志物：血脂异常、血压升高、腰围、CRP 或 HbA1c）之间的关联，以及（2）较差饮食质量（DASH 评分分布最低五分之一）与员工特征之间的关联。
结果
与健康饮食组相比，饮食质量较差的员工具有更高的心血管代谢风险增加的比值比（OR），且独立于既定的风险因素（人口统计学、生活方式和职业）和 BMI：男性 OR 为 1.50（95% CI 1.12-2.00），女性 OR 为 1.84（95% CI 1.19-2.97）。报告饮食质量较差的特征为在苏格兰工作而不是在英格兰工作：男性 OR 为 1.88（95% CI 1.53-2.32），女性 OR 为 1.49（95% CI 1.11-2.00），工作时间较长（≥49 小时与≤40 小时），男性 OR 为 1.53（95% CI 1.21-1.92），女性 OR 为 1.53（95% CI 1.12-2.09）。对于男性，工作压力（高与低）与报告较差的饮食质量相关，OR 为 1.66（95% CI 1.30-2.12）。
结论
英格兰和苏格兰人群在饮食质量方面的差异反映在英国警察员工中。工作时间较长和工作压力与饮食质量之间的关联支持针对工作场所营养干预措施。
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