Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1010:105-132. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_7.
In this chapter, the main content is to discuss the similarities and differences in diagnostic criteria between substance and non-substance addictions. Firstly, diagnostic criteria of substance addiction were introduced, mainly focused on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for the Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Then, we described the diagnostic criteria of several non-substance addictions, including gambling disorder, internet addiction, food addiction and hypersexual disorder. Depending on the proof, substance and non-substance addictions have many similarities in symptoms. Though the proposed diagnostic criteria of many non-substance addictions are currently most useful as survey instruments to access the prevalence of the problem, there is little or no validating proof for these diagnostic criteria. Finally, animal model is useful tool for addiction research. But, present animal models for gambling studying do not meet enough diagnostic criteria and could not be regarded as gambling disorder. By introducing the animal models evolved to resemble the diagnostic criteria of substance addiction and two classical paradigms for substance addiction, self-administration and conditioned place preference, we hope it is helpful to improve the validation of animal model of gambling disorder.
在这一章中，主要内容是讨论物质和非物质成瘾的诊断标准之间的异同。首先，介绍了物质成瘾的诊断标准，主要集中在《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）上。然后，我们描述了几种非物质成瘾的诊断标准，包括赌博障碍、网络成瘾、食物成瘾和性成瘾障碍。根据证据，物质和非物质成瘾在症状上有许多相似之处。尽管目前许多非物质成瘾的诊断标准主要作为调查工具来评估问题的普遍性，但这些诊断标准的验证证据很少或没有。最后，动物模型是成瘾研究的有用工具。但是，目前用于赌博研究的动物模型并不符合足够的诊断标准，不能被视为赌博障碍。通过介绍类似于物质成瘾诊断标准的动物模型和两种经典的物质成瘾范式，即自我给药和条件位置偏好，我们希望这有助于提高赌博障碍动物模型的验证。
