Bellavista Paolo, Giannelli Carlo, Lanzone Stefano, Riberto Giulio, Stefanelli Cesare, Tortonesi Mauro
DISI-Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy.
DMI-Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44122, Italy.
Sensors (Basel). 2017 Nov 3;17(11):2525. doi: 10.3390/s17112525.
The spread of off-the-shelf mobile devices equipped with multiple wireless interfaces together with sophisticated sensors is paving the way to novel wireless Internet of Things (IoT) environments, characterized by multi-hop infrastructure-less wireless networks where devices carried by users act as sensors/actuators as well as network nodes. In particular, the paper presents Real Ad-hoc Multi-hop Peer-to peer-Wireless IoT Application (RAMP-WIA), a novel solution that facilitates the development, deployment, and management of applications in sparse Smart City environments, characterized by users willing to collaborate by allowing new applications to be deployed on their smartphones to remotely monitor and control fixed/mobile devices. RAMP-WIA allows users to dynamically configure single-hop wireless links, to manage opportunistically multi-hop packet dispatching considering that the network topology (together with the availability of sensors and actuators) may abruptly change, to actuate reliably sensor nodes specifically considering that only part of them could be actually reachable in a timely manner, and to upgrade dynamically the nodes through over-the-air distribution of new software components. The paper also reports the performance of RAMP-WIA on simple but realistic cases of small-scale deployment scenarios with off-the-shelf Android smartphones and Raspberry Pi devices; these results show not only the feasibility and soundness of the proposed approach, but also the efficiency of the middleware implemented when deployed on real testbeds.
配备多个无线接口以及先进传感器的现成移动设备的普及，正在为新型无线物联网（IoT）环境铺平道路，这种环境的特点是多跳无基础设施无线网络，用户携带的设备既充当传感器/执行器，又充当网络节点。特别是，本文提出了实时自组织多跳对等无线物联网应用（RAMP-WIA），这是一种新颖的解决方案，有助于在稀疏智慧城市环境中开发、部署和管理应用程序，其特点是用户愿意通过允许在其智能手机上部署新应用程序来远程监控和控制固定/移动设备进行协作。RAMP-WIA允许用户动态配置单跳无线链路，考虑到网络拓扑（以及传感器和执行器的可用性）可能突然变化，机会性地管理多跳数据包调度，特别考虑到只有部分传感器节点能够及时实际可达，可靠地驱动传感器节点，并通过空中分发新软件组件动态升级节点。本文还报告了RAMP-WIA在使用现成安卓智能手机和树莓派设备的小规模部署场景的简单但现实案例中的性能；这些结果不仅表明了所提方法的可行性和合理性，还展示了在实际测试平台上部署时所实现中间件的效率。
