Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
Shanghai Huangpu Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai 200020, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Feb;233:446-454. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.075. Epub 2017 Nov 5.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane], hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), are widely detected in humans despite the considerable decline in environmental concentrations. To understand the placental transfer of OCPs and the possible maternal influence on them, we measured the concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, and HCB in 102 paired samples of maternal and cord sera, and placentas collected in Shanghai, China. The median concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were the highest in maternal sera (601, 188 ng g lipid), followed by umbilical cord sera (389, 131 ng g lipid), and placentas (65, 37 ng g lipid). 4,4'-DDE, β-HCH, and HCB were the predominant contaminants in the three matrices. The ubiquitous existence of OCPs, and the significant concentration relationships of DDTs, HCHs, and OCPs in the three matrices suggested placental transfer from mother to fetus. The lipid-based concentration ratios of 4,4'-DDE, β-HCH, and HCB in umbilical cord serum to those in maternal serum (F/M), and ratios of placenta to maternal serum (P/M) ranged from 0.66 to 1.01, and 0.12 to 0.25, respectively. Maternal variables affected the levels of fetal contamination. For primiparous women, significant correlations between maternal age and maternal HCHs, and between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal HCHs were found. The negative effect of parity, and the positive effect of food consumption on maternal OCP concentrations were also observed, although there were no significant differences. The possible influence of parity on F/M and P/M of 4,4'-DDE suggested borderline significant differences between primiparous and multiparous women. Also, slight group differences were observed between elder and younger women, and between overweight and normal/underweight women. Parity seems to have a potential influence on transfer ratios of some OCP pollutants.
尽管环境浓度显著下降，但有机氯农药（OCPs），包括滴滴涕（DDT）及其代谢物[二氯二苯二氯乙烯（DDE）和二氯二苯二氯乙烷]、六氯环己烷（HCHs）和六氯苯（HCB），仍广泛存在于人体中。为了了解 OCPs 在胎盘内的转移情况以及母体对其可能产生的影响，我们测量了采集自中国上海的 102 对母血、脐血和胎盘样本中 DDTs、HCHs 和 HCB 的浓度。母体血清中 DDTs 和 HCHs 的浓度中位数最高（601、188ng/g 脂质），其次是脐血（389、131ng/g 脂质），胎盘（65、37ng/g 脂质）。三种基质中，4,4'-DDE、β-HCH 和 HCB 是主要污染物。OCPs 普遍存在，DDTs、HCHs 和 OCPs 在三种基质中的浓度关系显著，表明存在胎盘从母体向胎儿的转移。脐血中 4,4'-DDE、β-HCH 和 HCB 与母体血清的脂质基浓度比（F/M）以及胎盘与母体血清的浓度比（P/M）分别在 0.66 至 1.01 以及 0.12 至 0.25 之间。母体变量会影响胎儿的污染水平。对于初产妇，母体年龄与母体 HCHs 之间以及孕前体重指数（BMI）与母体 HCHs 之间存在显著相关性。还观察到产次对母体 OCP 浓度的负影响以及食物消耗对母体 OCP 浓度的正影响，但差异无统计学意义。产次对 4,4'-DDE 的 F/M 和 P/M 的潜在影响表明，初产妇与多产妇之间存在显著的差异。此外，还观察到老年组与年轻组、超重组与正常/低重组之间存在轻微的组间差异。产次似乎对一些 OCP 污染物的转移比率有潜在影响。
