Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Oct;84:325-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
The concentrations of musks (polycyclic musks and nitro musks) and traditional organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDT, DDE, DDD, and total DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in breast milk collected in Shanghai, China during the period 2006-2010, were determined. The total concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 276.2 (median: 58.4) ng/glipid weight (lw) for musks and from 88.3 to 2532.9 (median: 1003.8) ng/glw for OCPs. 4,4'-DDE (median: 655.4 ng/glw) was the predominant OCP, followed by β-HCH (median: 172.5 ng/g lw), and HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[γ]-2-benzopyran) (median: 17.7 ng/g lw) was the dominant musk. There was no statistical correlation between total musk concentrations, and HCB, HCHs, DDTs or total OCP concentrations, indicating their different exposure routes and metabolism in humans (p=0.182-0.325). Clear reductions in temporal trends in the levels of DDTs and HCB, especially HCHs (p<0.01) were observed during the sampling period, and the high DDE/DDT ratios in the samples indicated past exposure to DDTs. The relatively high median concentrations of HHCB and HHCB-lactone in 2010 suggested a probably increasing tendency. There were statistically significant influences regarding maternal age and parity on OCP accumulation (p=0.001-0.002), but no significant effect on musks was found (p=0.542-0.919). Musk exposure in neonates via breast milk was 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than suggested provisional tolerable daily intakes (PTDI). The estimated daily intakes for HCB and DDTs were below the PTDI in Canada, however, 56% of those for HCHs exceeded the Canadian PTDI. OCP contamination of breast milk requires further attention.
本研究测定了 2006-2010 年期间上海地区母乳中麝香（多环麝香和硝基麝香）和传统有机氯农药（OCPs）的浓度，包括滴滴涕及其代谢物（DDT、DDE、DDD 和总滴滴涕）、六氯苯（HCB）和六氯环己烷（HCHs）。麝香的总浓度范围为 4.7-276.2（中位数：58.4）ng/g 脂质（lw），OCPs 的浓度范围为 88.3-2532.9（中位数：1003.8）ng/glw。4,4'-DDE（中位数：655.4ng/glw）是最主要的 OCP，其次是β-HCH（中位数：172.5ng/g lw），而 HHCB（1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-4,6,6,7,8,8-六甲基环戊二烯并[γ]-2-苯并吡喃）（中位数：17.7ng/g lw）是主要的麝香。麝香总浓度与 HCB、HCHs、DDTs 或总 OCPs 浓度之间没有统计学相关性，表明它们在人体内的暴露途径和代谢不同（p=0.182-0.325）。在采样期间，DDTs 和 HCB 水平呈明显下降趋势，特别是 HCHs（p<0.01），样本中高的 DDE/DDT 比值表明过去曾接触过滴滴涕。2010 年 HHCB 和 HHCB-内酯的中位数浓度较高，表明可能呈上升趋势。母亲年龄和产次对 OCP 积累有统计学显著影响（p=0.001-0.002），但对麝香无显著影响（p=0.542-0.919）。通过母乳摄入的新生儿麝香暴露量比暂定可耐受每日摄入量（PTDI）低 2-3 个数量级。估计的 HCB 和滴滴涕的日摄入量低于加拿大的 PTDI，然而，56%的 HCHs 日摄入量超过了加拿大的 PTDI。母乳中 OCP 的污染需要进一步关注。
