Department of Internal Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;37:72-79. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Nov 5.
The investigation of the placebo and the nocebo effect and their mechanisms has a rather short history of less than 20 years, especially in gastroenterology, and only the last 5 years have resulted in substantial improvement of understanding. Placebo refers to symptom improvement following a treatment, nocebo to the opposite, symptom worsening. Among the factors driving this progress are traditional psychological models derived from learning (conditioning) theory bridging into clinical science, new animal models to investigate the pharmacology of placebo analgesia, and novel study designs to overcome limitations of traditional randomized and placebo-controlled study designs in drug testing. These are explored here for their implementation and application in gastroenterology, with a focus on visceral pain and nausea.
安慰剂和反安慰剂效应及其机制的研究历史相对较短，不足 20 年，尤其是在胃肠病学领域，直到最近 5 年才取得实质性进展。安慰剂是指治疗后症状改善，反安慰剂则相反，是指症状恶化。推动这一进展的因素包括源自学习（条件反射）理论的传统心理模型，逐渐应用于临床科学，用于研究安慰剂镇痛药理学的新型动物模型，以及克服药物测试中传统随机和安慰剂对照研究设计局限性的新研究设计。本文探讨了这些模型和设计在胃肠病学中的实施和应用，重点关注内脏痛和恶心。
