Lee Barrett A, Martin Michael J R, Hall Matthew
Department of Sociology, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
Department of Sociology, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
Soc Sci Res. 2017 Nov;68:117-131. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Rapid Hispanic growth has been a major source of increasing ethnoracial diversity in the United States. However, diversity within the Hispanic population is frequently obscured by the tendency to lump all Latinos together. Our study examines Hispanic diversity at the local level, drawing insights from the Mexican dominance, Caribbean-centric settlement, spatial assimilation, and economic opportunity perspectives. Measures of the magnitude and structure of Hispanic origin-group diversity during the 1990-2010 period are constructed for 363 metropolitan areas based on each area's shares of Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Dominicans, Salvadorans, Guatemalans, Colombians, and 'others'. We find that diversity magnitude varies markedly across metropolitan Hispanic populations. Although the most diverse metro areas lack a majority origin group, Mexicans often constitute a majority or plurality of local Latinos. Diversity levels and structures have remained relatively stable over time. In both 1990 and 2010, metro areas with more diverse, multigroup Hispanic communities are distinguished by their larger size, smaller proportion of Hispanics, location farther from Mexico and closer to the Caribbean, and greater odds of being a military hub. They also exhibit higher rates of housing construction and lower rates of agricultural and manufacturing employment. We use weighted data to show that Dominican metro dwellers experience the highest Hispanic diversity while the average Mexican lives in an area where four-fifths of all Latinos are Mexican. Overall, our results provide primary support for the Mexican dominance perspective but some support for the other three perspectives as well.
西班牙裔人口的快速增长一直是美国种族多样性不断增加的主要来源。然而，西班牙裔人口内部的多样性常常因将所有拉丁裔混为一谈的倾向而被掩盖。我们的研究从墨西哥主导、以加勒比为中心的定居、空间同化和经济机会等视角出发，考察了地方层面的西班牙裔多样性。基于各地区墨西哥人、波多黎各人、古巴人、多米尼加人、萨尔瓦多人、危地马拉人、哥伦比亚人和“其他”西班牙裔群体的占比，构建了1990 - 2010年期间363个大都市地区西班牙裔原群体多样性的规模和结构指标。我们发现，大都市地区西班牙裔人口的多样性规模差异显著。尽管最多样化的大都市地区没有占多数的原群体，但墨西哥人通常在当地拉丁裔中占多数或 plurality（此处原词有误，推测是plurality，意为多数中的最大部分）。随着时间推移，多样性水平和结构相对保持稳定。在1990年和2010年，拥有更多样化、多群体西班牙裔社区的大都市地区的特点是规模更大、西班牙裔比例更小、离墨西哥更远且离加勒比更近，以及更有可能成为军事枢纽。它们还呈现出更高的住房建设率和更低的农业及制造业就业率。我们使用加权数据表明，多米尼加大都市地区的居民经历着最高的西班牙裔多样性，而普通墨西哥人生活在所有拉丁裔中五分之四是墨西哥人的地区。总体而言，我们的结果主要支持墨西哥主导视角，但也为其他三个视角提供了一些支持。
