Schut Rebecca A
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania.
Int Migr Rev. 2021 Dec 1;55(4):1061-1088. doi: 10.1177/0197918321993100. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
This article explores the identification patterns of South American immigrants to the United States, as measured via Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and ancestry reporting on the US Census. Using data from the 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 American Community Survey, my analysis reveals four main findings. First, I show significant heterogeneity in identity patterns and in sociodemographic, immigration, and geographic characteristics between South American and Mexican immigrants in the United States. Second, I find that Southern Cone immigrants do not report Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and "birth-country" ancestry (ancestry that is concordant with birth country, such as Colombian or Chilean) to a greater extent than Andean immigrants, in favor of reporting more distal "ancestral-origin" ancestries (i.e., Spanish, Japanese, etc.). Third, I show that those immigrants who do report Hispanic/Latino ethnicity are more likely to report "birth-country" ancestry than "ancestral-origin" ancestry, net of other factors. Finally, my analysis demonstrates that Brazilian immigrants chart a different path of identification among South American immigrants and almost unanimously do not report Hispanic/Latino ethnicity while overwhelmingly reporting "Brazilian" ancestry. Taken together, variation in Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and ancestry reporting across South American immigrant groups has implications for their incorporation into US society, as well as for the degree to which these immigrants see themselves as racialized actors in the United States. Some South American immigrant groups (Southern Cone immigrants) appear to be incorporating as "New White ethnics," and others (Andean immigrants) appear to be incorporating as "New Latinos." Researchers of international migration should carefully consider these identification differences and their implications for the measurement and study of "Hispanic/Latino" immigrants and their descendants in the United States.
本文探讨了通过美国人口普查中西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族和血统报告来衡量的南美移民到美国的身份认同模式。利用2006 - 2010年和2011 - 2015年美国社区调查的数据，我的分析得出了四个主要发现。第一，我发现美国的南美移民和墨西哥移民在身份认同模式以及社会人口、移民和地理特征方面存在显著差异。第二，我发现南锥体移民并不比安第斯移民更倾向于报告西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族和“出生国”血统（与出生国一致的血统，如哥伦比亚或智利血统），而是更倾向于报告更久远的“祖籍”血统（即西班牙、日本等血统）。第三，我表明，在排除其他因素后，那些报告西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族的移民更有可能报告“出生国”血统而非“祖籍”血统。最后，我的分析表明，巴西移民在南美移民中呈现出不同的身份认同路径，几乎一致不报告西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族，而绝大多数报告“巴西”血统。总体而言，南美移民群体在西班牙裔/拉丁裔种族和血统报告上的差异，对他们融入美国社会以及这些移民将自己视为美国种族化群体的程度具有影响。一些南美移民群体（南锥体移民）似乎正作为“新白人族裔”融入，而其他群体（安第斯移民）似乎正作为“新拉丁裔”融入。国际移民研究人员应仔细考虑这些身份认同差异及其对美国“西班牙裔/拉丁裔”移民及其后代的衡量和研究的影响。
