Diagnostic Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, vicolo Mazzini 4, 31020 Villorba, TV, Italy.
Diagnostic Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, vicolo Mazzini 4, 31020 Villorba, TV, Italy.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Feb;51(2):197-205. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.10.007. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
Reliable indicators of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) measured with harmonised data and supported by indicators for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at herd level are necessary to target antimicrobial misuse in food-producing animals. AMC data in 2010-2015 in 32 Italian industrial rabbit holdings weighted with semester production and standardised with animal daily doses (ADDs) were collected. Herd-level AMR against eight antimicrobials was assessed in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus hirae collected in 2014-2015. Escherichia coli were assessed for mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes. To produce 1 kg of live rabbit, a mean of 71.8 ADDs was used. Overall AMC reduced over time (P < 0.05) owing to lowering consumption of tetracyclines (P < 0.05) and colistin (P < 0.01), but consumption of quinolones (P < 0.05), bacitracin (P < 0.01) and sulfonamides (P = 0.017) increased. All except one indicator E. coli were wild-type for cefotaxime, whereas 97% displayed reduced susceptibility to tetracyclines, 89% to trimethoprim, 63% to enrofloxacin, 24% to chloramphenicol and 21% to colistin. mcr-1 was detected in 50/320 E. coli isolates from 15/32 holdings; mcr-2 was not detected in 58 isolates with colistin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. All 305 enterococci were wild-type for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin and displayed reduced tetracycline susceptibility. The mean antimicrobial resistance index (ARI) was 0.5 for E. coli and 0.3 for enterococci. ARI was significantly correlated with AMC at herd level for enterococci (P = 0.008) but not E. coli where high ARI levels were found in a few holdings with low AMC.
为了靶向食用动物中抗菌药物的不合理使用，需要使用具有统一数据且支持畜群水平抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）指标的可靠抗菌药物消耗（AMC）指标。收集了 2010-2015 年在意大利 32 个工业兔养殖场的数据，这些数据经过了学期产量加权处理并通过动物每日剂量（ADD）标准化。在 2014-2015 年收集了大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌，评估了针对 8 种抗菌药物的畜群水平 AMR。评估了大肠杆菌中 mcr-1 和 mcr-2 基因。生产 1 公斤活兔，平均使用 71.8 个 ADD。由于四环素（P<0.05）和黏菌素（P<0.01）消耗降低，总体 AMC 随时间减少（P<0.05），但喹诺酮类（P<0.05）、杆菌肽（P<0.01）和磺胺类药物（P=0.017）的消耗增加。除了一个大肠杆菌指示物外，所有指示物对头孢噻肟均为野生型，而 97%的大肠杆菌对四环素的敏感性降低，89%对甲氧苄啶降低，63%对恩诺沙星降低，24%对氯霉素降低，21%对黏菌素降低。在来自 15 个养殖场的 320 株大肠杆菌中，检测到 50 株 mcr-1；在 58 株黏菌素 MIC≥2mg/L的大肠杆菌中，未检测到 mcr-2。所有 305 株肠球菌对氨苄西林、环丙沙星和万古霉素均为野生型，对四环素的敏感性降低。大肠杆菌的平均抗菌药物耐药指数（ARI）为 0.5，肠球菌为 0.3。ARI 与畜群水平的肠球菌 AMC 显著相关（P=0.008），但与大肠杆菌不相关，尽管在一些 AMC 较低的养殖场中发现了较高的 ARI 水平。
