Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Biomaterials. 2018 Feb;154:24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.048. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
Nanoparticles of heavy elements can be used as radiosensitizers to enhance X-ray radiation therapy, but a major roadblock in translating nanoparticle radiosensitizers into clinical practice of cancer treatment is related to the non-degradable nature of the nanoparticles, which can cause accumulation inside body and long-term toxicity. This paper reports the use of a folate-inserted, red blood cell membrane-modified bismuth (i.e., F-RBC bismuth) nanoparticles in X-ray radiation therapy for breast cancer, where cell membrane coating provides long blood circulation time, folate acts as tumor targeting agent, X-ray and bismuth nanoparticles interaction generates more free radicals for cancer cells damage, and physiological condition helps dissolve bismuth nanoparticles after treatment. Significant tumor inhibition and improved survival ratio in mice was confirmed when F-RBC bismuth nanoparticles were used to sensitize X-ray radiation. In vivo bio-distribution and histological analysis indicated F-RBC bismuth nanoparticles were excreted from animal body after 15 days and no evident damage or inflammatory was observed in major organs. Cell membrane modification and dissolution of bismuth nanoparticles in body allow the fine tune of the circulation, radiation enhancement and body clearance in such a way that treatment effect can be maximized and long term toxicity can be minimized.
纳米重金属颗粒可用作放射增敏剂以增强 X 射线放射疗法，但将纳米颗粒放射增敏剂转化为癌症治疗的临床实践的一个主要障碍与纳米颗粒的不可降解性质有关，这可能导致在体内积累和长期毒性。本文报道了叶酸插入的、红细胞膜修饰的铋（即 F-RBC 铋）纳米颗粒在乳腺癌的 X 射线放射治疗中的应用，其中细胞膜涂层提供了长的血液循环时间，叶酸作为肿瘤靶向剂，X 射线和铋纳米颗粒的相互作用产生更多的自由基来破坏癌细胞，生理条件有助于在治疗后溶解铋纳米颗粒。当使用 F-RBC 铋纳米颗粒来敏化 X 射线辐射时，在小鼠中证实了显著的肿瘤抑制和提高的存活率。体内生物分布和组织学分析表明，F-RBC 铋纳米颗粒在 15 天后从动物体内排出，在主要器官中未观察到明显的损伤或炎症。细胞膜修饰和体内铋纳米颗粒的溶解允许精细调节循环、辐射增强和清除，从而使治疗效果最大化和长期毒性最小化。
