Neuroendocrine Tumor Centre, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare.
Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2018 Feb;25(1):22-35. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000376.
To review recent advances and controversies in all aspects of carcinoid-syndrome.
Over the last few years there have been a number of advances in all aspects of carcinoid syndrome as well as new therapies. These include new studies on its epidemiology which demonstrate it is increasing in frequency; increasing insights into the pathogenesis of its various clinical manifestations and into its natural history: definition of prognostic factors; new methods to verify its presence; the development of new drugs to treat its various manifestations, both initially and in somatostatin-refractory cases; and an increased understanding of the pathogenesis, natural history and management of carcinoid heart disease. These advances have generated several controversies and these are also reviewed.
There have been numerous advances in all aspects of the carcinoid-syndrome, which is the most common functional syndrome neuroendocrine tumors produce. These advances are leading to new approaches to the management of these patients and in some cases to new controversies.
回顾类癌综合征各方面的最新进展和争议。
在过去的几年中，类癌综合征的各个方面都有了许多进展，也出现了新的治疗方法。这些进展包括对其流行病学的新研究，表明其发病率在增加；对其各种临床表现的发病机制及其自然病史的深入了解：预后因素的定义；新的方法来验证其存在；治疗其各种表现的新药物的开发，包括初发和生长抑素难治性病例；以及对类癌性心脏病的发病机制、自然病史和治疗的认识的提高。这些进展引发了一些争议，也对这些争议进行了综述。
类癌综合征的各个方面都有了许多进展，这是神经内分泌肿瘤最常见的功能性综合征。这些进展为这些患者的管理提供了新的方法，在某些情况下也引发了新的争议。
