Dick M B, Kean M L, Sands D
Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92717.
Brain Cogn. 1989 Jan;9(1):88-108. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90046-8.
The "generation effect" is a phenomenon in which words that are generated by the subject are remembered better than words which are read. The present experiments examined this effect in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), healthy elderly adults, and young adults under a variety of different encoding and retrieval conditions. Experiment 1 employed an intentional learning task with multiple study/test trials using the same list of words. While both the young and elderly adults exhibited higher recall for internally generated words than read words, the DAT patients failed to demonstrate the effect even after repeated exposures to the same stimulus list. Experiment 2 replicated this same pattern of results using an incidental learning paradigm with both recall and recognition tests. Various explanations as to why the DAT patients failed to show the generation effect were discussed with particular emphasis placed on the role of semantic memory and encoding failure.
“生成效应”是一种现象，即由主体生成的单词比阅读的单词记忆得更好。本实验在各种不同的编码和检索条件下，对轻度至中度阿尔茨海默型痴呆（DAT）患者、健康老年人和年轻人进行了该效应的研究。实验1采用了有意学习任务，使用相同的单词列表进行多次学习/测试试验。虽然年轻人和老年人对内部生成的单词的回忆都高于阅读的单词，但即使对相同的刺激列表进行多次重复暴露，DAT患者也未能表现出该效应。实验2使用附带学习范式进行回忆和识别测试，复制了相同的结果模式。讨论了DAT患者未能表现出生成效应的各种原因，特别强调了语义记忆和编码失败的作用。
