Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Lab Chip. 2017 Dec 19;18(1):75-94. doi: 10.1039/c7lc00758b.
Malaria continues to be one of the most devastating diseases impacting global health. Although there have been significant reductions in global malaria incidence and mortality rates over the past 17 years, the disease remains endemic throughout the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization has put forth ambitious milestones moving toward a world free of malaria as part of the United Nations Millennium Goals. Mass screening and treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria infections in endemic regions is integral to these goals and requires diagnostics that are both sensitive and affordable. Lab-on-a-chip technologies provide a path toward sensitive, portable, and affordable diagnostic platforms. Here, we review and compare currently-available and emerging lab-on-a-chip diagnostic approaches in three categories: (1) protein-based tests, (2) nucleic acid tests, and (3) cell-based detection. For each category, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in diagnostics development for malaria elimination, and comment on their applicability to different phases of elimination strategies.
疟疾仍然是对全球健康造成最严重影响的疾病之一。尽管在过去的 17 年里，全球疟疾发病率和死亡率显著下降，但该疾病在世界各地仍然流行，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。世界卫生组织提出了雄心勃勃的里程碑，作为联合国千年发展目标的一部分，朝着无疟疾世界迈进。在流行地区对有症状和无症状的疟疾感染进行大规模筛查和治疗是这些目标的重要组成部分，这需要既敏感又经济实惠的诊断方法。芯片实验室技术为敏感、便携和经济实惠的诊断平台提供了一条途径。在这里，我们回顾和比较了目前可用于疟疾消除的三种类型的现有和新兴的芯片实验室诊断方法：（1）基于蛋白质的测试，（2）核酸测试，和（3）基于细胞的检测。对于每个类别，我们都强调了疟疾消除诊断发展的机遇和挑战，并评论了它们对消除策略不同阶段的适用性。
