Barrett Brendan T, Flavell Jonathan C, Bennett Simon J, Cruickshank Alice G, Mankowska Alex, Harris Julie M, Buckley John G
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Sports Med Open. 2017 Nov 10;3(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40798-017-0106-z.
The importance of optimal and/or superior vision for participation in high-level sports remains the subject of considerable clinical research interest. Here, we examine the vision and visual history of elite/near-elite cricketers and rugby-league players.
Stereoacuity (TNO), colour vision, and distance (with/without pinhole) and near visual acuity (VA) were measured in two cricket squads (elite/international-level, female, n = 16; near-elite, male, n = 23) and one professional rugby-league squad (male, n = 20). Refractive error was determined, and details of any correction worn and visual history were recorded.
Overall, 63% had their last eye examination within 2 years. However, some had not had an eye examination for 5 years or had never had one (near-elite cricketers 30%; rugby-league players 15%; elite cricketers 6%). Comparing our results for all participants to published data for young, optimally corrected, non-sporting adults, distance VA was ~ 1 line of letters worse than expected. Adopting α = 0.01, the deficit in distance VA was significant, but only for elite cricketers (p < 0.001) (near-elite cricketers, p = 0.02; rugby-league players, p = 0.03). Near VA did not differ between subgroups or relative to published norms for young adults (p > 0.02 for all comparisons). On average, near stereoacuity was better than in young adults, but only in elite cricketers (p < 0.001; p = 0.03, near-elite cricketers; p = 0.47, rugby-league players). On-field visual issues were present in 27% of participants and mostly (in 75% of cases) comprised uncorrected ametropia. Some cricketers (near-elite 17.4%; elite 38%) wore refractive correction during play, but no rugby-league player did. Some individuals with prescribed correction choose not to wear it when playing.
Aside from near stereoacuity in elite cricketers, the basic visual abilities we measured were not better than equivalent, published data for optimally corrected adults; 20-25% exhibited sub-optimal vision, suggesting that the clearest possible vision might not be critical for participation at the highest levels in the sports of cricket or rugby league. Although vision could be improved in a sizeable proportion of our sample, the impact of correcting these, mostly subtle, refractive anomalies on playing performance is unknown.
最佳和/或卓越视力对于参与高水平运动的重要性仍是大量临床研究关注的主题。在此，我们研究了精英/准精英板球运动员和橄榄球联盟球员的视力及视觉病史。
对两个板球队（精英/国际水平，女性，n = 16；准精英，男性，n = 23）和一个职业橄榄球联盟球队（男性，n = 20）测量了立体视锐度（TNO）、色觉、远视力（有/无针孔）和近视力（VA）。确定了屈光不正情况，并记录了所佩戴的任何矫正器具的详细信息及视觉病史。
总体而言，63%的人在2年内进行了上次眼科检查。然而，有些人已有5年未进行眼科检查或从未检查过（准精英板球运动员30%；橄榄球联盟球员15%；精英板球运动员6%）。将所有参与者的结果与已发表的关于年轻、矫正良好的非运动成年人的数据进行比较，远视力比预期差约1行字母。采用α = 0.01时，远视力的缺陷具有显著性，但仅在精英板球运动员中如此（p < 0.001）（准精英板球运动员，p = 0.02；橄榄球联盟球员，p = 0.03）。近视力在各亚组之间或与已发表的年轻成年人标准相比无差异（所有比较中p > 0.02）。平均而言，近立体视锐度优于年轻成年人，但仅在精英板球运动员中如此（p < 0.001；准精英板球运动员，p = 0.03；橄榄球联盟球员，p = 0.47）。27%的参与者存在场上视觉问题，且大多（75%的情况）为未矫正的屈光不正。一些板球运动员（准精英17.4%；精英38%）在比赛时佩戴屈光矫正器具，但没有橄榄球联盟球员这样做。一些已配镜矫正的人在比赛时选择不佩戴。
除了精英板球运动员的近立体视锐度外，我们测量的基本视觉能力并不优于已发表的矫正良好的成年人的等效数据；20 - 25%的人视力欠佳，这表明在板球或橄榄球联盟的最高水平比赛中，尽可能清晰的视力可能并非至关重要。尽管我们样本中有相当一部分人的视力可以得到改善，但矫正这些大多较为细微的屈光异常对比赛表现的影响尚不清楚。
