Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Syst Appl Microbiol. 2018 Jan;41(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.syapm.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Distinct enterotypes have been observed in the human gut but little is known about the genetic basis of the microbiome. Moreover, it is not clear how many genetic differences exist between enterotypes within or between populations. In this study, both the 16S rRNA gene and the metagenomes of the gut microbiota were sequenced from 48 Han Chinese, 48 Kazaks, and 96 Uyghurs, and taxonomies were assigned after de novo assembly. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were also identified by referring to data from the Human Microbiome Project. Systematic analysis of the gut communities in terms of their abundance and genetic composition was also performed, together with a genome-wide association study of the host genomes. The gut microbiota of 192 subjects was clearly classified into two enterotypes (Bacteroides and Prevotella). Interestingly, both enterotypes showed a clear genetic differentiation in terms of their functional catalogue of genes, especially for genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, several differentiated genera and genes were found among the three populations. Notably, one human variant (rs878394) was identified that showed significant association with the abundance of Prevotella, which is linked to LYPLAL1, a gene associated with body fat distribution, the waist-hip ratio and insulin sensitivity. Taken together, considerable differentiation was observed in gut microbes between enterotypes and among populations that was reflected in both the taxonomic composition and the genetic makeup of their functional genes, which could have been influenced by a variety of factors, such as diet and host genetic variation.
在人类肠道中已经观察到了不同的肠型，但对于微生物组的遗传基础知之甚少。此外，尚不清楚在个体或人群内部和之间存在多少种肠型之间的遗传差异。在这项研究中，对 48 名汉族人、48 名哈萨克人和 96 名维吾尔族人的肠道微生物群的 16S rRNA 基因和宏基因组进行了测序，并在从头组装后进行了分类。还通过参考人类微生物组计划的数据来鉴定单核苷酸多态性。还对肠道群落的丰度和遗传组成进行了系统分析，并对宿主基因组进行了全基因组关联研究。192 名受试者的肠道微生物群明显分为两种肠型（拟杆菌和普雷沃氏菌）。有趣的是，两种肠型在其基因功能目录方面都表现出明显的遗传分化，尤其是涉及氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢的基因。此外，在三个群体中还发现了几个分化的属和基因。值得注意的是，鉴定出了一个人类变体（rs878394），它与普雷沃氏菌的丰度显著相关，而普雷沃氏菌与 LYPLAL1 基因有关，该基因与体脂肪分布、腰围臀围比和胰岛素敏感性有关。总之，在肠型和人群之间的肠道微生物之间观察到了相当大的分化，这反映在其分类组成和功能基因的遗传组成中，这些分化可能受到多种因素的影响，如饮食和宿主遗传变异。
