Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul-Aug;63(4):565-578. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.11.001. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Herpes simplex keratitis is commonly caused by Herpes simplex virus type 1, which primarily infects eyelids, corneas, or conjunctiva. Herpes simplex virus type 1-through sophisticated interactions with dendritic cells (DCs), a type of antigen-presenting cell)-initiates proinflammatory responses in the cornea. Corneas were once thought to be an immune-privileged region; however, with the recent discovery of DCs that reside in the cornea, this long-held conjecture has been overturned. Therefore, evaluating the clinical, preclinical, and cell-based studies that investigate the roles of DCs in corneas infected with Herpes simplex virus is critical. With in vivo confocal microscopy, animal models, and cell culture experiments, we may further the understanding of the sophisticated interactions of Herpes simplex virus with DCs in the cornea and the molecular mechanism associated with it. It has been shown that specific differentiation of DCs using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction analysis in both human and mice tissues and viral tissue infections are integral to increasing understanding. As for in vivo confocal microscopy, it holds promise as it is the least invasive and a real-time investigation. These tools will facilitate the discovery of various targets to develop new treatments.
单纯疱疹性角膜炎通常由单纯疱疹病毒 1 型引起，主要感染眼睑、角膜或结膜。单纯疱疹病毒 1 型通过与树突状细胞（一种抗原呈递细胞）的复杂相互作用，在角膜中引发炎症反应。角膜曾被认为是免疫特惠区；然而，随着最近发现存在于角膜中的树突状细胞，这一长期以来的假说被推翻了。因此，评估研究单纯疱疹病毒感染角膜中树突状细胞作用的临床、临床前和基于细胞的研究至关重要。通过体内共聚焦显微镜、动物模型和细胞培养实验，我们可以进一步了解单纯疱疹病毒与角膜中树突状细胞的复杂相互作用及其相关的分子机制。已经表明，使用免疫组织化学、流式细胞术和聚合酶链反应分析在人和小鼠组织以及病毒组织感染中对树突状细胞进行特异性分化，对于增加认识至关重要。对于体内共聚焦显微镜，它具有很大的应用前景，因为它是一种非侵入性的实时研究方法。这些工具将有助于发现各种靶点，从而开发新的治疗方法。
