Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Oct;21(20):4687-4693.
Physical activity improves the quality of life and decreases the risk of several diseases (i.e. stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, and malignancies). Skeletal muscles are considered as an endocrine organ that produces myokines characterized by a paracrine or endocrine activity. Irisin is a circulating hormone-like myokine and is secreted as a product of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 from skeletal muscle in response to exercise. This molecule regulates the energy metabolism and acts in adipose tissue, bones, and nervous system. As both animal and clinical studies confirmed the action of irisin in muscle and adipocytes, this protein is considered as adipomyokine. In adipose tissue, irisin stimulates the process of browning of beige precursor fat cells, which are present in white fat cells, and promotes energy expenditure. It affects bone metabolism by increasing osteoblast differentiation and reducing osteoclast maturation. In the nervous system, irisin influences hippocampal neurogenesis and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells in mice and is considered as a messenger between exercise and brain function. However, the existence of this protein and its role in humans is a matter of debate. This study presents irisin as a new champion of the molecule, which could be considered as the messenger in the muscle-fat-bone-brain axis.
身体活动可提高生活质量，并降低多种疾病（如中风、高血压、心肌梗死、肥胖和恶性肿瘤）的风险。骨骼肌被认为是一种内分泌器官，可产生具有旁分泌或内分泌活性的肌因子。鸢尾素是一种循环激素样肌因子，作为纤维连接蛋白 III 型结构域蛋白 5 的产物，在运动刺激下从骨骼肌分泌。该分子调节能量代谢，并在脂肪组织、骨骼和神经系统中发挥作用。由于动物和临床研究均证实了鸢尾素在肌肉和脂肪细胞中的作用，因此这种蛋白被认为是脂肪-肌因子。在脂肪组织中，鸢尾素刺激存在于白色脂肪细胞中的米色前体脂肪细胞的褐色化过程，促进能量消耗。它通过增加成骨细胞分化和减少破骨细胞成熟来影响骨代谢。在神经系统中，鸢尾素影响小鼠海马神经发生和胚胎干细胞的神经分化，并被认为是运动与大脑功能之间的信使。然而，这种蛋白的存在及其在人体中的作用仍存在争议。本研究将鸢尾素作为一种新的分子冠军，可被视为肌肉-脂肪-骨骼-大脑轴中的信使。
