Figliuzzi Marina, Bonandrini Barbara, Remuzzi Andrea
IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo - Italy.
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Polytechnic of Milan, Milan - Italy.
J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2017 Nov 10;15(4):e326-e333. doi: 10.5301/jabfm.5000393.
Renal transplantation is currently the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, which represents one of the major current public health problems. However, the number of available donor kidneys is drastically insufficient to meet the demand, causing prolonged waiting lists. For this reason, tissue engineering offers great potential to increase the pool of donated organs for kidney transplantation, by way of seeding cells on supporting scaffolding material. Biological scaffolds are prepared by removing cellular components from the donor organs using a decellularization process with detergents, enzymes or other cell lysing solutions. Extracellular matrix which makes up the scaffold is critical to directing the cell attachment and to creating a suitable environment for cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Researchers are now studying whole intact scaffolds produced from the kidneys of animals or humans without adversely affecting extracellular matrix, biological activity and mechanical integrity. The process of recellularization includes cell seeding strategies and the choice of the cell source to repopulate the scaffold. This is the most difficult phase, due to the complexity of the kidney. Indeed, no studies have provided sufficient results of complete renal scaffold repopulation and differentiation. This review summarizes the research that has been conducted to obtain decellularized kidney scaffolds and to repopulate the scaffolds, evaluating the best cell sources, the cell seeding methods and the cell differentiation in kidney scaffolds.
肾移植是目前治疗终末期肾病最有效的方法，终末期肾病是当前主要的公共卫生问题之一。然而，可用的供体肾脏数量严重不足，无法满足需求，导致等待名单延长。因此，组织工程通过将细胞接种在支撑支架材料上，为增加肾移植供体器官库提供了巨大潜力。生物支架是通过使用洗涤剂、酶或其他细胞裂解溶液的脱细胞过程从供体器官中去除细胞成分而制备的。构成支架的细胞外基质对于引导细胞附着以及为细胞存活、增殖和分化创造合适的环境至关重要。研究人员目前正在研究从动物或人类肾脏产生的完整支架，而不会对细胞外基质、生物活性和机械完整性产生不利影响。再细胞化过程包括细胞接种策略和用于重新填充支架的细胞来源的选择。由于肾脏的复杂性，这是最困难的阶段。事实上，尚无研究提供完全肾支架重新填充和分化的充分结果。本综述总结了为获得脱细胞肾支架并重新填充支架而进行的研究，评估了最佳细胞来源、细胞接种方法以及肾支架中的细胞分化。
