Firdaus Ghuncha
Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai, India.
Community Ment Health J. 2018 Jul;54(5):641-648. doi: 10.1007/s10597-017-0193-9. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Numerous studies suggest 'social gradient' in health, but it is less clear whether every step up the socio-economic ladder improves health by the same degree. Based on 4326 households, the present study examines the relationship between household income and psychological distress while identifying specific risk factor in different income groups. Overall, 26.5% of sampled households were reported for being distressed. Work pressure (OR 2.0, p < 0.01) and reducing time for family/friends (OR 1.79, p < 0.01) in high-income group; overcrowding (OR 3.1, p < 0.001), lacking drinking water (OR 2.27, p < 0.001) and indoor noise pollution (OR 1.76, p < 0.001) in low income group and overcrowding (OR 3.1, p < 0.001), lacking affordable health care (OR 2.58, p < 0.001), and indoor noise pollution (OR 1.6, p < 0.001) in medium income group were significant predictors of psychological distress. People in lower income group are at greater risk of becoming distressed, but the higher income is not always the guarantor of psychological well-being.
众多研究表明健康方面存在“社会梯度”，但社会经济阶梯上的每一步是否能同等程度地改善健康，这一点尚不太明确。基于4326户家庭，本研究考察了家庭收入与心理困扰之间的关系，同时确定了不同收入群体中的特定风险因素。总体而言，26.5%的抽样家庭报告存在困扰。高收入群体中的工作压力（比值比2.0，p<0.01）和减少与家人/朋友相处的时间（比值比1.79，p<0.01）；低收入群体中的过度拥挤（比值比3.1，p<0.001）、缺乏饮用水（比值比2.27，p<0.001）和室内噪音污染（比值比1.76，p<0.001），以及中等收入群体中的过度拥挤（比值比3.1，p<0.001）、缺乏可负担的医疗保健（比值比2.58，p<0.001）和室内噪音污染（比值比1.6，p<0.001）是心理困扰的显著预测因素。低收入群体的人陷入困扰的风险更大，但高收入并不总是心理健康的保障。
