School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Transplantation. 2018 Mar;102(3):378-386. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002001.
Short-term outcomes of solid organ transplantation have improved dramatically over the past several decades; however, long-term survival has remained static over the same period, and chronic rejection remains a major cause of graft failure. The importance of donor, or "passenger," lymphocytes to the induction of tolerance to allografts was recognized in the 1990s, but their precise contribution to graft acceptance or rejection has not been elucidated. Recently, specialized populations of tissue-resident lymphocytes in nonlymphoid organs have been described. These lymphocytes include tissue-resident memory T cells, regulatory T cells, γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. These cells reside in commonly transplanted solid organs, including the liver, kidneys, heart, and lung; however, their contribution to graft acceptance or rejection has not been examined in detail. Similarly, it is unclear whether tissue-resident cells derived from the pool of recipient-derived lymphocytes play a specific role in transplantation biology. This review summarizes the evidence for the roles of tissue-resident lymphocytes in transplant immunology, focussing on their features, functions, and relevance for solid organ transplantation, with specific reference to liver, kidney, heart, and lung transplantation.
在过去的几十年中，实体器官移植的短期预后有了显著改善；然而，同期长期存活率却保持不变，慢性排斥反应仍然是移植物失功的主要原因。早在 20 世纪 90 年代，人们就认识到供体（或“过客”）淋巴细胞对同种异体移植物产生耐受的重要性，但它们对移植物接受或排斥的确切贡献仍未阐明。最近，人们描述了非淋巴器官中组织驻留淋巴细胞的特殊群体。这些淋巴细胞包括组织驻留记忆 T 细胞、调节性 T 细胞、γδ T 细胞、固有自然杀伤 T 细胞和先天淋巴细胞。这些细胞存在于常见的移植实体器官中，包括肝脏、肾脏、心脏和肺；然而，它们对移植物接受或排斥的贡献尚未详细研究。同样，也不清楚来自受者来源淋巴细胞池的组织驻留细胞是否在移植生物学中发挥特定作用。本综述总结了组织驻留淋巴细胞在移植免疫学中的作用的证据，重点关注它们在实体器官移植中的特征、功能和相关性，特别参考了肝、肾、心和肺移植。
