Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2018 Apr 15;102:179-188. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.028. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Infectious diseases are a serious global problem, which not only take an enormous human toll but also incur tremendous economic losses. In combating infectious diseases, rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are required for pathogen identification at the point of care (POC). In this review, investigations of diagnostic strategies for infectious diseases that are based on aptamers, especially nucleic acid aptamers, oligonucleotides that have high affinities and specificities toward their targets, are described. Owing to their unique features including low cost of production, easy chemical modification, high chemical stability, reproducibility, and low levels of immunogenicity and toxicity, aptamers have been widely utilized as bio-recognition elements (bio-receptors) for the development of infection diagnostic systems. We discuss nucleic acid aptamer-based methods that have been developed for diagnosis of infections using a format that organizes discussion according to the target pathogenic analytes including toxins or proteins, whole cells and nucleic acids. Also included is, a summary of recent advances made in the sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria utilizing the isothermal nucleic acid amplification method. Lastly, a nucleic acid aptamer-based POC system is described and future directions of studies in this area are discussed.
传染病是一个严重的全球性问题，不仅给人类带来巨大的生命损失，也造成巨大的经济损失。在对抗传染病时，需要在即时护理点（POC）进行病原体识别的快速和准确的诊断测试。在这篇综述中，描述了基于适体的传染病诊断策略的研究，特别是核酸适体，它们对其靶标具有高亲和力和特异性的寡核苷酸。由于其独特的特性，包括生产成本低、易于化学修饰、化学稳定性高、可重复性、免疫原性和毒性低，适体已被广泛用作生物识别元件（生物受体），用于开发感染诊断系统。我们根据目标病原体分析物（包括毒素或蛋白质、整个细胞和核酸）讨论了基于核酸适体的方法，这些方法已被开发用于感染的诊断。还包括了利用等温核酸扩增法对病原菌进行灵敏检测的最新进展的总结。最后，描述了一种基于核酸适体的 POCT 系统，并讨论了该领域的未来研究方向。
