Smith Amber M, Huber Victor C
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee.
2 Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota.
Viral Immunol. 2018 Mar;31(2):159-173. doi: 10.1089/vim.2017.0138. Epub 2017 Nov 17.
Influenza virus infections remain a significant health burden worldwide, despite available vaccines. Factors that contribute to this include a lack of broad coverage by current vaccines and continual emergence of novel virus strains. Further complicating matters, when influenza viruses infect a host, severe infections can develop when bacterial pathogens invade. Secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) contribute to a significant proportion of influenza-related mortality, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae as major coinfecting pathogens. Vaccines against bacterial pathogens can reduce coinfection incidence and severity, but few vaccines are available and those that are, may have decreased efficacy in influenza virus-infected hosts. While some studies indicate a benefit of vaccine-induced immunity in providing protection against SBIs, a comprehensive understanding is lacking. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of viral and bacterial vaccine availability, the generation of protective immunity from these vaccines, and the effectiveness in limiting influenza-associated bacterial infections.
尽管有可用的疫苗，但流感病毒感染在全球范围内仍然是一个重大的健康负担。造成这种情况的因素包括当前疫苗缺乏广泛的覆盖范围以及新型病毒株的不断出现。更复杂的是，当流感病毒感染宿主时，细菌病原体入侵会导致严重感染。继发性细菌感染（SBI）在很大比例的流感相关死亡中起作用，肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌是主要的共同感染病原体。针对细菌病原体的疫苗可以降低合并感染的发生率和严重程度，但可用的疫苗很少，而且那些疫苗在流感病毒感染的宿主中可能效力降低。虽然一些研究表明疫苗诱导的免疫在提供针对SBI的保护方面有好处，但仍缺乏全面的了解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前关于病毒和细菌疫苗可用性的知识、这些疫苗产生的保护性免疫以及在限制流感相关细菌感染方面的有效性。
