Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Public Health. 2018 Apr 1;28(2):243-248. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx202.
Up to now, research has focused on the effects of urban renewal programs and their impacts on health. While some of this research points to potential negative health effects due to gentrification, evidence that addresses the complexity associated with this relation is much needed. This paper seeks to better understand when, why and how health inequities arise from urban renewal interventions resulting in gentrification.
A realist review, a qualitative systematic review method, aimed to better explain the relation between context, mechanism and outcomes, was used. A literature search was done to identify theoretical models of how urban renewal programs can result in gentrification, which in turn could have negative impacts on health. A systematic approach was then used to identify peer-reviewed studies that provided evidence to support or refute the initial assumptions.
Urban renewal programs that resulted in gentrification tended to have negative health effects primarily in residents that were low-income. Urban renewal policies that were inclusive of populations that are vulnerable, from the beginning were less likely to result in gentrification and more likely to positively impact health through physical and social improvements.
Research has shown urban renewal policies have significant impacts on populations that are vulnerable and those that result in gentrification can result in negative health consequences for this population. A better understanding of this is needed to impact future policies and advocate for a community-participatory model that includes such populations in the early planning stages.
迄今为止，研究主要集中在城市更新计划及其对健康的影响上。虽然其中一些研究指出了由于高档化而导致潜在的负面健康影响，但仍需要更多证据来解决与这种关系相关的复杂性。本文旨在更好地理解城市更新干预措施导致高档化时，健康不平等是如何以及为何产生的。
采用了一种真实主义综述方法，即一种旨在更好地解释情境、机制和结果之间关系的定性系统综述方法。进行了文献检索，以确定城市更新计划如何导致高档化的理论模型，而高档化反过来又可能对健康产生负面影响。然后，采用系统方法来确定提供证据支持或反驳初始假设的同行评议研究。
导致高档化的城市更新计划往往对低收入居民产生负面影响。从一开始就将弱势群体纳入城市更新政策的包容性政策不太可能导致高档化，更有可能通过改善物质和社会条件对健康产生积极影响。
研究表明，城市更新政策对弱势群体有重大影响，而导致高档化的政策可能对这一人群产生负面健康后果。需要更好地理解这一点，以影响未来的政策，并倡导一种包括这些人群的社区参与模式，让他们在早期规划阶段就参与进来。
