REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Polytechnic Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Chemistry Dep., FCT/Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Apr 1;619-620:685-691. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.164. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
Pyrethroid pesticides residues have been frequently detected in soils and have been recognized to contribute to soil toxicity. The phytotoxic impact of pesticides was evaluated in Cucumis sativus (C. sativus) seeds. Percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot length and leaf length were considered as endpoints to assess the possible acute phytotoxicity of soil by the exposure to pyrethroid pesticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and cyhalothrin) and its metabolite phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), in a concentration range between 50 and 500μgkg. For germination percentage, it was only observed a negative impact when seeds were exposed to the metabolite. Cypermethrin showed impact in the three studied endpoints of seed development, while deltamethrin merely affected the root length. Concerning pigments content, it can be said that chlorophylls and total carotenoids median values increased for cypermethrin and deltamethrin. This increase was more pronounced to deltamethrin in joint effect with the organic solvent dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). When exposed to cyhalothrin and 3-PBA, no statistically significant differences were observed for C. sativus seeds to all the assessed endpoints of seed development and the investigated pigments content. This research brings new data concerning the relative sensitivity of C. sativus seeds to pyrethroids pesticides commonly found in agricultural facilities, as well as critical understanding and development of using C. sativus for phytotoxicity assessments efforts for pesticide exposures.
拟除虫菊酯类农药残留经常在土壤中被检测到，并被认为会导致土壤毒性。本研究评估了拟除虫菊酯类农药（氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氯氟氰菊酯）及其代谢物苯氧苯甲酸（3-PBA）对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）种子的急性植物毒性。采用浓度范围为 50 至 500μgkg 的方法，通过暴露于拟除虫菊酯类农药和其代谢物苯氧苯甲酸，以种子发芽率、根伸长、茎伸长和叶长为终点，评估土壤的可能急性植物毒性。对于发芽率，仅在种子暴露于代谢物时观察到负影响。氯氰菊酯对种子发育的三个研究终点均有影响，而溴氰菊酯仅影响根长。关于色素含量，可以说氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的叶绿素和总类胡萝卜素中位数增加。当与有机溶剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）联合作用时，这种增加对溴氰菊酯更为明显。当暴露于氯氟氰菊酯和苯氧苯甲酸时，对黄瓜种子的所有种子发育终点和研究的色素含量均未观察到统计学上的显著差异。本研究为黄瓜种子对农业设施中常见的拟除虫菊酯类农药的相对敏感性提供了新的数据，同时也为使用黄瓜进行农药暴露的植物毒性评估提供了有价值的理解和方法。
