Nilsen Bente B, Yngve Agneta, Monteagudo Celia, Tellström Richard, Scander Henrik, Werner Bo
1 School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Sciences, Örebro University, Grythyttan, Sweden.
2 Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo and Akershus University College, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Public Health. 2017 Dec;45(8):886-894. doi: 10.1177/1403494817724951. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
The aim of this study was to examine the reported frequency of breakfast intake and selected food and beverages in the investigated group of Swedish children in comparison with recommended intakes. Furthermore, the study analyses these food habits and some demographic and lifestyle factors in relation to overweight and obesity.
This cross-sectional study builds on data collected in 2008 and 2010. Measured anthropometric data and parent questionnaire data were collected. A total of 2620 Swedish children (52.1% boys) aged seven to nine years were included.
The majority of parents reported that their children (95.4%) had breakfast every day. The majority of children had fresh fruit (84.7%) and vegetables (83.9%) most days a week. Only 1.6% of the children were reported to have fast food and 6.0% to have sugar containing soft drinks, four days a week or more. The prevalence of overweight including obesity (OW/OB) was 17.8% for boys, 18.6% for girls. The odds of being OW/OB was higher among those not having breakfast every day (odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-2.96), drinking diet soft drink (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52-4.42) and skimmed/semi-skimmed milk (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.37-2.36) four days a week or more. Parents being overweight and having low education levels were also related to a higher risk of their children being overweight.
The parental reports of children's food habits pointed at favourable eating patterns for most investigated children. Breakfast skipping, diet soft drinks and low-fat milk consumption were more frequent among OW/OB children. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationships.
本研究旨在调查瑞典儿童调查群体中报告的早餐摄入量以及所选食物和饮料的频率，并与推荐摄入量进行比较。此外，该研究分析了这些饮食习惯以及一些与超重和肥胖相关的人口统计学和生活方式因素。
这项横断面研究基于2008年和2010年收集的数据。收集了测量的人体测量数据和家长问卷数据。共纳入2620名7至9岁的瑞典儿童（52.1%为男孩）。
大多数家长报告称他们的孩子（95.4%）每天吃早餐。大多数孩子每周大部分日子都吃新鲜水果（84.7%）和蔬菜（83.9%）。据报告，只有1.6%的孩子每周四天或更多天吃快餐，6.0%的孩子喝含糖软饮料。男孩超重（包括肥胖）（OW/OB）的患病率为17.8%，女孩为18.6%。每天不吃早餐的孩子（优势比（OR）为1.9，95%置信区间（CI）为1.20 - 2.96）、每周四天或更多天饮用无糖软饮料（OR为2.6，95%CI为1.52 - 4.42）和脱脂/半脱脂牛奶（OR为1.8，95%CI为1.37 - 2.36）的孩子超重/肥胖的几率更高。父母超重和教育水平低也与孩子超重的风险较高有关。
家长对孩子饮食习惯的报告表明，大多数被调查孩子的饮食习惯良好。不吃早餐、饮用无糖软饮料和食用低脂牛奶在超重/肥胖儿童中更为常见。需要进行纵向研究来确定因果关系。
