Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, KW Neatby bldg, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
Plant J. 2018 Feb;93(4):651-663. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13780. Epub 2017 Dec 25.
Phytopathogens translocate effector proteins into plant cells where they sabotage the host cellular machinery to promote infection. An individual pathogen can translocate numerous distinct effectors during the infection process to target an array of host macromolecules (proteins, metabolites, DNA, etc.) and manipulate them using a variety of enzymatic activities. In this review, we have surveyed the literature for effector targets and curated them to convey the range of functions carried out by phytopathogenic proteins inside host cells. In particular, we have curated the locations of effector targets, as well as their biological and molecular functions and compared these properties across diverse phytopathogens. This analysis validates previous observations about effector functions (e.g. immunosuppression), and also highlights some interesting features regarding effector specificity as well as functional diversification of phytopathogen virulence strategies.
植物病原体将效应蛋白转运到植物细胞中，在那里它们破坏宿主细胞机制以促进感染。个别病原体在感染过程中可以转运许多不同的效应子，以针对一系列宿主大分子（蛋白质、代谢物、DNA 等）并利用各种酶活性对其进行操作。在这篇综述中，我们查阅了文献中有关效应子靶标的资料，并对其进行了整理，以传达植物病原体蛋白在宿主细胞内执行的各种功能。特别是，我们整理了效应子靶标的位置及其生物学和分子功能，并在不同的植物病原体之间比较了这些特性。该分析验证了关于效应子功能的先前观察结果（例如免疫抑制），并突出了一些关于效应子特异性以及植物病原体毒力策略功能多样化的有趣特征。
