Granieri Antonella, La Marca Luana, Mannino Giuseppe, Giunta Serena, Guglielmucci Fanny, Schimmenti Adriano
Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2017 Nov 2;8:1926. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01926. eCollection 2017.
Research has extensively examined the relationship between defense mechanisms (DM) and personality traits. However, no study to date has explored if specific defenses (alone or in combination) are able to predict dysfunctional variants of personality domains, as conceived in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DMs and DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains among adults. Three hundred and twenty-eight adults aged between 18 and 64 years old completed measures on DMs and maladapive personality domains. Regression analyses were performed to determine which DMs predicted the maladaptive personality domains of negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. According to psychoanalytic literature, results showed that immature defenses positively predicted maladaptive personality domain scores, whereas mature defenses were generally related with better personality functioning. Moreover, different defense patterns emerged as significant predictors of the maladaptive personality domains comprised in the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorder. Our findings support the view that defense patterns represent core components of personality and its disorders, and suggest that an increased use of immature defenses and a reduced use of mature defenses have a negative impact on the development of personality.
研究已广泛考察了防御机制（DM）与人格特质之间的关系。然而，迄今为止，尚无研究探讨特定防御机制（单独或组合）是否能够预测人格障碍替代DSM-5模型中所设想的人格领域的功能失调变体。本研究旨在调查成年人中防御机制与DSM-5适应不良人格领域之间的关系。328名年龄在18至64岁之间的成年人完成了关于防御机制和适应不良人格领域的测量。进行回归分析以确定哪些防御机制能够预测消极情感性、脱离、敌对、抑制解除和精神病性等适应不良人格领域。根据精神分析文献，结果表明不成熟防御机制能正向预测适应不良人格领域得分，而成熟防御机制通常与更好的人格功能相关。此外，不同的防御模式成为人格障碍替代DSM-5模型中所包含的适应不良人格领域的显著预测因素。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即防御模式代表人格及其障碍的核心成分，并表明更多地使用不成熟防御机制和更少地使用成熟防御机制会对人格发展产生负面影响。
