Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2017 May 11;22(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12199-017-0652-5.
It is generally acknowledged that the determination of harmful chemical compounds excreted into saliva is useful for assessing their exposure levels. The aim of the present study was to compare the total arsenic and its species in saliva and urine samples collected from the people residing in an arsenic-contaminated area of China and to further verify the feasibility of using salivary arsenic as a new biomarker of arsenic exposure.
Total arsenic and speciation analyses in urine and saliva samples among 70 residents exposed to arsenic from drinking water in Shanxi, China were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS).
The result showed that, total arsenic concentration in saliva was relatively lower than in urine samples, but it existed a strong positive correlation with total urinary arsenic, drinking water arsenic and different skin lesions. For arsenic metabolism analyses, As, As, MMA, and DMA were detected in all of the urine samples with the dominating species of DMA (73.2%). Different with urinary arsenic species, most arsenic species in saliva were not methylated. The major species in saliva was iAs (As + As, 76.18%), followed by DMA (13.08%) and MMA (9.13%). And the primary methylation index (PMI), second methylation index (SMI) and proportion of the four different species (As, As, MMA, and DMA) in saliva showed no significant positive relationship with that of in urine.
These findings indicated saliva may be used as a useful tool for biological monitoring of total arsenic exposure in the crowd rather than an efficient tool for assessing arsenic metabolism in human body after exposed to arsenic.
人们普遍认为，测定唾液中排出的有害化合物对于评估其暴露水平是有用的。本研究旨在比较中国砷污染地区人群饮用水暴露后唾液和尿液样本中总砷及其形态，进一步验证唾液砷作为砷暴露新生物标志物的可行性。
采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（HPLC-ICP/MS）对 70 名山西饮水型砷暴露居民的尿液和唾液样本中的总砷和形态进行分析。
结果表明，唾液中总砷浓度相对低于尿液样本，但与总尿砷、饮水砷和不同皮肤损伤存在较强的正相关。对于砷代谢分析，在所有尿液样本中均检测到 As、As、MMA 和 DMA，其中 DMA 为主要形态（73.2%）。与尿砷形态不同，唾液中的大部分砷形态未经甲基化。唾液中的主要形态为 iAs（As+As，76.18%），其次是 DMA（13.08%）和 MMA（9.13%）。唾液中四种不同形态（As、As、MMA 和 DMA）的主要甲基化指数（PMI）、二次甲基化指数（SMI）和比例与尿中相应参数无显著正相关。
这些发现表明，唾液可能被用作人群总砷暴露生物监测的有用工具，而不是评估人体暴露于砷后砷代谢的有效工具。
