Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Pediatr Res. 2018 Mar;83(3):589-596. doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.301. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
BackgroundAdults born preterm have higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors than their term-born peers. Studies have suggested that at least those born smallest eat less healthily. We examined the association between early (<34 weeks) and late (34-36 weeks) preterm birth and diet and food preferences in adult age.MethodsParticipants of two cohort studies located in Finland completed a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at the age of 24 years to assess their usual diet and the adherence to healthy eating guidelines by using a recommended diet index (RDI). Overall, 182 were born early preterm, 352 late preterm, and 631 were term-born controls.ResultsYoung women born early preterm scored 0.77 points (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 1.51) lower in RDI when adjusted for sex, age, parental education, and early-life confounders, indicating a lower quality of diet. There were no differences between young women born late preterm and controls or among men. When food groups were assessed separately, men born early preterm had lower consumption of fruits and berries than controls.ConclusionsYoung women born early preterm have poorer adherence to the healthy eating guidelines than their peers born at term. Differences in diet may contribute to an increased cardiometabolic risk among adults born early preterm.
与足月出生的同龄人相比，早产儿成年后患心血管代谢风险因素的水平更高。研究表明，至少那些出生时最小的早产儿饮食更不健康。我们研究了早期（<34 周）和晚期（34-36 周）早产儿与成年后饮食和食物偏好之间的关系。
位于芬兰的两项队列研究的参与者在 24 岁时完成了一份经过验证的食物频率问卷 (FFQ)，以评估他们的日常饮食以及通过使用推荐饮食指数 (RDI) 来遵守健康饮食指南的情况。共有 182 名早期早产儿、352 名晚期早产儿和 631 名足月对照组参与了研究。
在调整了性别、年龄、父母教育和生命早期混杂因素后，早期早产儿出生的年轻女性的 RDI 评分低 0.77 分（95%置信区间为 0.03，1.51），表明饮食质量较低。晚期早产儿出生的年轻女性与对照组或男性之间没有差异。当分别评估食物组时，早期早产儿出生的男性水果和浆果的摄入量低于对照组。
与足月出生的同龄人相比，早期早产儿出生的年轻女性更难遵守健康饮食指南。饮食差异可能导致早期早产儿成年后患心血管代谢风险增加。
