Zou Ying, Celli Anna, Zhu Hanjiang, Elmahdy Akram, Cao Yachao, Hui Xiaoying, Maibach Howard
Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2017 Oct 31;12:8035-8041. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S139139. eCollection 2017.
With rapid development of nanotechnology, there is increasing interest in nanoparticle (NP) application and its safety and efficacy on human skin. In this study, we utilized confocal laser scanning microscopy to estimate NP skin penetration.
Three different-sized polystyrene NPs marked with red fluorescence were applied to human skin, and Calcium Green 5N was used as a counterstain. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol were used as alternative vehicles for NPs. Tape stripping was utilized as a barrier-damaged skin model. Skin biopsies dosed with NPs were incubated at 4°C or 37°C for 24 hours and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
NPs were localized in the stratum corneum (SC) and hair follicles without penetrating the epidermis/dermis. Barrier alteration with tape stripping and change in incubation temperature did not induce deeper penetration. DMSO enhanced NP SC penetration but ethanol did not.
Except with DMSO vehicle, these hydrolyzed polystyrene NPs did not penetrate intact or barrier-damaged human "viable" epidermis. For further clinical relevance, in vivo human skin studies and more sensitive analytic chemical methodology are suggested.
随着纳米技术的迅速发展，人们对纳米颗粒（NP）在人体皮肤上的应用及其安全性和有效性越来越感兴趣。在本研究中，我们利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜来评估NP对皮肤的渗透情况。
将三种标记有红色荧光的不同大小的聚苯乙烯NP应用于人体皮肤，并使用钙黄绿素5N作为复染剂。二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和乙醇用作NP的替代载体。采用胶带剥离法作为屏障受损皮肤模型。用NP处理的皮肤活检组织在4°C或37°C下孵育24小时，然后使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜成像。
NP定位于角质层（SC）和毛囊中，未穿透表皮/真皮。胶带剥离引起的屏障改变和孵育温度的变化并未导致更深层次的渗透。DMSO增强了NP对SC的渗透，但乙醇没有。
除了使用DMSO载体外，这些水解的聚苯乙烯NP未穿透完整的或屏障受损的人体“有活力的”表皮。为了进一步与临床相关，建议进行人体皮肤体内研究和更灵敏的分析化学方法。
