Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2019 Jun;53(12):741-745. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100713. Epub 2019 May 16.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common brain developmental disorder in the general population that may be even more prevalent in elite athletes in certain sports. General population studies of ADHD are extensive and have reported on prevalence, symptoms, therapeutic and adverse effects of treatment and new clinical and research findings. However, few studies have reported on prevalence, symptoms and treatments of ADHD in elite athletes. This narrative review summarises the literature on symptoms, comorbidities, effects of ADHD on performance and management options for elite athletes with ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD in student athletes and elite athletes may be 7%-8%. The symptoms and characteristics of ADHD play a role in athletes' choice of a sport career and further achieving elite status. Proper management of ADHD in elite athletes is important for safety and performance, and options include pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的人群脑部发育障碍，在某些特定运动项目的精英运动员中可能更为普遍。ADHD 的人群研究非常广泛，已经报道了其患病率、症状、治疗效果和不良反应，以及新的临床和研究发现。然而，很少有研究报告过精英运动员的 ADHD 患病率、症状和治疗方法。本综述性叙述总结了有关 ADHD 症状、合并症、对运动员表现的影响以及 ADHD 精英运动员管理选择的文献。在学生运动员和精英运动员中，ADHD 的患病率可能为 7%-8%。ADHD 的症状和特征在运动员选择运动生涯以及进一步达到精英地位方面发挥作用。对精英运动员的 ADHD 进行适当管理对于安全性和表现都很重要，治疗方法包括药物和心理社会治疗。
