McGowan Jamie, Fitzpatrick David A
Department of Biology, Genome Evolution Laboratory, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
mSphere. 2017 Nov 22;2(6). doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00408-17. eCollection 2017 Nov-Dec.
The oomycetes are a class of microscopic, filamentous eukaryotes within the stramenopiles-alveolate- (SAR) supergroup and include ecologically significant animal and plant pathogens. Oomycetes secrete large arsenals of effector proteins that degrade host cell components, manipulate host immune responses, and induce necrosis, enabling parasitic colonization. This study investigated the expansion and evolution of effectors in 37 oomycete species in 4 oomycete orders, including , , , and species. Our results highlight the large expansions of effector protein families, including glycoside hydrolases, pectinases, and necrosis-inducing proteins, in species. Species-specific expansions, including expansions of chitinases in and , were detected. Novel effectors which may be involved in suppressing animal immune responses in and were also identified. Type 2 necrosis-inducing proteins with an unusual phylogenetic history were also located in a number of oomycete species. We also investigated the "RxLR" effector complement of all 37 species and, as expected, observed large expansions in species numbers. Our results provide in-depth sequence information on all putative RxLR effectors from all 37 species. This work represents an up-to-date catalogue of the effector arsenal of the oomycetes based on the 37 genomes currently available. The oomycetes are a class of microscopic, filamentous eukaryotes and include ecologically significant animal and plant pathogens. Oomycetes secrete large arsenals of effector proteins that degrade host cell components, manipulate host immune responses, and induce necrosis, enabling parasitic colonization. In this study, we catalogued the number and evolution of effectors in 37 oomycete species whose genomes have been completely sequenced. Large expansions of effector protein families in species, including glycoside hydrolases, pectinases, and necrosis-inducing proteins, were observed. Species-specific expansions were detected, including chitinases in and . Novel effectors which may be involved in suppressing animal immune responses were identified in and . Type 2 necrosis-inducing proteins with an unusual phylogenetic history were also located. This work represents an up-to-date catalogue of the effector arsenal of the oomycetes based on the 37 genomes currently available.
卵菌纲是不等鞭毛菌-囊泡虫（SAR）超群中的一类微观丝状真核生物，包括具有重要生态意义的动植物病原体。卵菌分泌大量效应蛋白，这些蛋白可降解宿主细胞成分、操纵宿主免疫反应并诱导坏死，从而实现寄生定植。本研究调查了4个卵菌目37种卵菌中效应蛋白的扩增和进化情况，这4个卵菌目包括 、 、 以及 种。我们的研究结果突出了某些物种中效应蛋白家族的大量扩增，包括糖苷水解酶、果胶酶和坏死诱导蛋白。检测到了物种特异性扩增，包括 中的几丁质酶和 中的几丁质酶。还鉴定出了可能参与抑制 和 动物免疫反应的新型效应蛋白。具有不寻常系统发育史的2型坏死诱导蛋白也存在于许多卵菌物种中。我们还研究了所有37个物种的“RxLR”效应蛋白库，正如预期的那样，观察到物种数量有大量扩增。我们的研究结果提供了来自所有37个物种的所有假定RxLR效应蛋白的深入序列信息。这项工作代表了基于目前可用的37个基因组的卵菌效应蛋白库的最新目录。卵菌纲是一类微观丝状真核生物，包括具有重要生态意义的动植物病原体。卵菌分泌大量效应蛋白，这些蛋白可降解宿主细胞成分、操纵宿主免疫反应并诱导坏死，从而实现寄生定植。在本研究中，我们对37种基因组已完全测序的卵菌中效应蛋白的数量和进化进行了编目。观察到某些物种中效应蛋白家族大量扩增，包括糖苷水解酶、果胶酶和坏死诱导蛋白。检测到物种特异性扩增，包括 中的几丁质酶和 中的几丁质酶。在 和 中鉴定出了可能参与抑制动物免疫反应的新型效应蛋白。还定位了具有不寻常系统发育史的2型坏死诱导蛋白。这项工作代表了基于目前可用的37个基因组的卵菌效应蛋白库的最新目录。
