Inserm U1018, Institut Gustave Roussy, CESP, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.
University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.
Eur J Epidemiol. 2018 Feb;33(2):141-156. doi: 10.1007/s10654-017-0338-8. Epub 2017 Dec 4.
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes that threatens all individuals with diabetes, leading to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. It is frequently associated with diabetic macular edema, which can occur at any point during the development of diabetic retinopathy. The key factors known to lead to its development include hyperglycemia, hypertension, and the duration of diabetes. Though the diet is important in the development of diabetes, its role in diabetic retinopathy has not been clearly identified. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify, summarize and interpret the literature on the association between the diet and dietary intakes of specific foods, nutrients, and food groups, and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for English-language studies evaluating the association between the dietary intake of individual foods, macro or micronutrients, dietary supplements, and dietary patterns and their association with retinopathy or macular edema. After reviewing potentially relevant abstracts and, when necessary, full texts, we identified 27 relevant studies. Identified studies investigated intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, milk, carbohydrates, fibre, fat, protein, salt, potassium, vitamins C, D, and E, carotenoids, dietary supplements, green tea and alcohol. Studies suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet and high fruit, vegetable and fish intake may protect against the development of diabetic retinopathy, although the evidence is limited. Studies concerning other aspects of the diet are not in agreement. The role of the diet in the development of diabetic retinopathy is an area that warrants more attention.
糖尿病性视网膜病变是糖尿病的一种微血管并发症，威胁着所有糖尿病患者，如果不加以治疗，会导致视力丧失或失明。它常与糖尿病性黄斑水肿有关，糖尿病性黄斑水肿可在糖尿病性视网膜病变发展的任何阶段发生。已知导致其发展的关键因素包括高血糖、高血压和糖尿病的持续时间。虽然饮食在糖尿病的发生中很重要，但它在糖尿病性视网膜病变中的作用尚未明确。在这项系统评价中，我们旨在确定、总结和解释有关饮食与特定食物、营养素和食物组的摄入量与糖尿病性视网膜病变风险之间关联的文献。我们在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 上搜索了评估个体食物、宏量或微量营养素、膳食补充剂和饮食模式的饮食摄入量与视网膜病变或黄斑水肿之间关联的英文研究。在审查了潜在相关的摘要，并在必要时审查了全文后，我们确定了 27 项相关研究。确定的研究调查了水果、蔬菜、鱼、牛奶、碳水化合物、纤维、脂肪、蛋白质、盐、钾、维生素 C、D 和 E、类胡萝卜素、膳食补充剂、绿茶和酒精的摄入量。研究表明，坚持地中海饮食和高水果、蔬菜和鱼类摄入量可能有助于预防糖尿病性视网膜病变的发生，尽管证据有限。关于饮食其他方面的研究并不一致。饮食在糖尿病性视网膜病变发展中的作用是一个值得关注的领域。
