Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Dec 4;18(12):2607. doi: 10.3390/ijms18122607.
Epidemiological studies have associated high fish oil consumption with decreased risk of breast cancer (BC). n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in fish and fish oils exert anti-cancer effects. However, few studies have examined the relative efficacy of EPA and DHA alone and in mixtures on BC subtypes. This was the objective of the present review, as this research is a necessity for the translation of findings to human health and disease. The literature suggests that DHA has a greater anti-cancer effect in triple negative BC (TNBC). In estrogen positive (ER+) BC, DHA has a greater effect on cell viability, while both fatty acids have similar effects on apoptosis and proliferation. These effects are associated with preferential uptake of DHA into TNBC lipid rafts and EPA in ER+ BC. EPA:DHA mixtures have anti-cancer activity; however, the ratio of EPA:DHA does not predict the relative incorporation of these two fatty acids into membrane lipids as EPA appears to be preferentially incorporated. In summary, DHA and EPA should be considered separately in the context of BC prevention. The elucidation of optimal EPA:DHA ratios will be important for designing targeted n-3 LCPUFA treatments.
流行病学研究表明，大量摄入鱼油可降低乳腺癌（BC）的风险。鱼类和鱼油中含有的 n-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFA），二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）具有抗癌作用。然而，很少有研究单独或混合研究 EPA 和 DHA 对 BC 亚型的相对疗效。这就是本综述的目的，因为这项研究对于将研究结果转化为人类健康和疾病是必要的。文献表明，DHA 对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）具有更大的抗癌作用。在雌激素阳性（ER+）BC 中，DHA 对细胞活力的影响更大，而这两种脂肪酸对细胞凋亡和增殖的影响相似。这些作用与 DHA 优先进入 TNBC 脂筏和 EPA 进入 ER+BC 有关。EPA：DHA 混合物具有抗癌活性；然而，EPA：DHA 的比例并不能预测这两种脂肪酸相对掺入膜脂质的情况，因为 EPA 似乎优先掺入。总之，在预防 BC 方面，应分别考虑 DHA 和 EPA。阐明最佳的 EPA：DHA 比例对于设计靶向 n-3 LCPUFA 治疗将非常重要。
