Pawson S M, Bader M K-F
Ecol Appl. 2014;24(7):1561-8. doi: 10.1890/14-0468.1.
Recognition of the extent and magnitude of night-time light pollution impacts on natural ecosystems is increasing, with pervasive effects observed in both nocturnal and diurnal species. Municipal and industrial lighting is on the cusp of a step change where energy-efficient lighting technology is driving a shift from “yellow” high-pressure sodium vapor lamps (HPS) to new “white” light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We hypothesized that white LEDs would be more attractive and thus have greater ecological impacts than HPS due to the peak UV-green-blue visual sensitivity of nocturnal invertebrates. Our results support this hypothesis; on average LED light traps captured 48% more insects than were captured with light traps fitted with HPS lamps, and this effect was dependent on air temperature (significant light × air temperature interaction). We found no evidence that manipulating the color temperature of white LEDs would minimize the ecological impacts of the adoption of white LED lights. As such, large-scale adoption of energy-efficient white LED lighting for municipal and industrial use may exacerbate ecological impacts and potentially amplify phytosanitary pest infestations. Our findings highlight the urgent need for collaborative research between ecologists and electrical engineers to ensure that future developments in LED technology minimize their potential ecological effects.
人们越来越认识到夜间光污染对自然生态系统的影响程度和规模，在夜间和昼行物种中都观察到了普遍影响。市政和工业照明正处于一个重大变革的边缘，节能照明技术正在推动从“黄色”高压钠蒸气灯（HPS）向新型“白色”发光二极管（LED）的转变。我们假设，由于夜间无脊椎动物对紫外线 - 绿色 - 蓝色的视觉敏感性峰值，白色LED会更具吸引力，因此比HPS具有更大的生态影响。我们的结果支持了这一假设；平均而言，LED诱虫灯捕获的昆虫比装有HPS灯的诱虫灯多48%，并且这种效应取决于气温（显著的光照×气温交互作用）。我们没有发现证据表明操纵白色LED的色温会最小化采用白色LED灯的生态影响。因此，大规模采用节能白色LED照明用于市政和工业用途可能会加剧生态影响，并可能扩大植物检疫性害虫的侵扰。我们的研究结果凸显了生态学家和电气工程师之间开展合作研究的迫切需求，以确保LED技术的未来发展将其潜在的生态影响降至最低。
