National Animal Germplasm Program, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA; email:
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2018 Feb 15;6:69-82. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014603. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
Biobanking animal germplasm and tissues is a major component of conserving genetic resources. Effectively constructing such gene banks requires an understanding and evaluation of genetic resources, the ability to conserve various tissues through cryopreservation, and a robust information technology infrastructure to allow managers and potential users to fully understand and make use of the collection. Progress has been made internationally in developing national genetic resource collections. As these collections have been developed, it has become apparent that gene banks can serve a multitude of roles, thereby serving short- and long-term needs of research communities and industry. This article documents the development of gene banks and provides examples of how they have been used to date and the extent to which they have captured genetic diversity for future use.
生物库储存动物种质和组织是保存遗传资源的主要组成部分。有效地构建这样的基因库需要了解和评估遗传资源，能够通过冷冻保存来保存各种组织，以及一个强大的信息技术基础设施，使管理者和潜在用户能够充分了解和利用收集的资源。在开发国家遗传资源收藏方面，国际上已经取得了进展。随着这些收藏的发展，基因库可以发挥多种作用，从而满足研究社区和工业界的短期和长期需求。本文记录了基因库的发展，并举例说明了它们迄今为止的使用情况，以及它们在多大程度上为未来的使用捕获了遗传多样性。
