饮酒与外带酒的实际可得性：销售天数和时间及销售点密度的系统评价和荟萃分析。

Alcohol Consumption and the Physical Availability of Take-Away Alcohol: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of the Days and Hours of Sale and Outlet Density.

机构信息

Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

National Drug Research Institute, Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.

出版信息

J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018 Jan;79(1):58-67.

PMID:29227232

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were completed studying the effect of changes in the physical availability of take-away alcohol on per capita alcohol consumption. Previous reviews examining this topic have not focused on off-premise outlets where take-away alcohol is sold and have not completed meta-analyses.

METHOD

Systematic reviews were conducted separately for policies affecting the temporal availability (days and hours of sale) and spatial availability (outlet density) of take-away alcohol. Studies were included up to December 2015. Quality criteria were used to select articles that studied the effect of changes in these policies on alcohol consumption with a focus on natural experiments. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to produce the estimated effect of an additional day of sale on total and beverage-specific consumption.

RESULTS

Separate systematic reviews identified seven studies regarding days and hours of sale and four studies regarding density. The majority of articles included in these systematic reviews, for days/hours of sale (7/7) and outlet density (3/4), concluded that restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol reduces per capita alcohol consumption. Meta-analyses studying the effect of adding one additional day of sale found that this was associated with per capita consumption increases of 3.4% (95% CI [2.7, 4.1]) for total alcohol, 5.3% (95% CI [3.2, 7.4]) for beer, 2.6% (95% CI [1.8, 3.5]) for wine, and 2.6% (95% CI [2.1, 3.2]) for spirits. The small number of included studies regarding hours of sale and density precluded meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggest that decreasing the physical availability of take-away alcohol will decrease per capita consumption. As decreasing per capita consumption has been shown to reduce alcohol-related harm, restricting the physical availability of take-away alcohol would be expected to result in improvements to public health.

摘要

目的

系统评价和荟萃分析研究了改变外卖酒的实际可得性对人均酒精消费的影响。以前研究这个主题的综述并没有关注销售外卖酒的非现场销售点，也没有进行荟萃分析。

方法

分别对影响外卖酒时间可得性（销售天数和时间）和空间可得性（销售点密度）的政策进行了系统评价。研究截止至 2015 年 12 月。质量标准用于选择研究这些政策变化对酒精消费影响的文章，重点是自然实验。应用随机效应荟萃分析得出销售天数增加一天对总消费和特定饮料消费的估计影响。

结果

分别的系统评价确定了七项关于销售天数和时间的研究和四项关于密度的研究。这些系统评价中纳入的大多数文章（销售天数/时间[7/7]和销售点密度[3/4]）得出的结论是，限制外卖酒的实际可得性会降低人均酒精消费。研究增加一天销售对人均消费影响的荟萃分析发现，这与总酒精消费增加 3.4%（95%CI[2.7, 4.1]）、啤酒消费增加 5.3%（95%CI[3.2, 7.4]）、葡萄酒消费增加 2.6%（95%CI[1.8, 3.5]）和烈酒消费增加 2.6%（95%CI[2.1, 3.2]）有关。纳入的关于销售时间和密度的研究数量较少，无法进行荟萃分析。