Grau Katharina, Plener Paul L
1 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/-psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2018 Sep;46(5):393-402. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000562. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Pharmacotherapy for children and adolescents with sleep disorders: an overview Abstract. Sleep difficulties are a relevant symptom in childhood and adolescence with a prevalence of approximately 20 %. Because of the reduced psychosocial functioning and the burden of suffering associated with insomnia, effective treatment strategies are needed. If interventions such as the implementation of an adequate sleep hygiene and other non-drug treatment approaches are not sufficient, pharmacotherapeutic treatment is often considered. The present work provides a literature overview on the use of different substance classes in hypnotic indications. The use of melatonin in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder has been well studied and is associated with a positive effect on sleep in this patient group. To date, there is little evidence regarding the efficacy and tolerability of other medication in primary insomnia or sleep disorders in the context of other psychiatric disorders in minors. For this reason, non-drug treatment strategies are preferred and pharmacotherapy is only to be considered secondarily after critical examination.
综述摘要。睡眠困难是儿童和青少年时期的一个相关症状，患病率约为20%。由于心理社会功能下降以及与失眠相关的痛苦负担，需要有效的治疗策略。如果诸如实施适当的睡眠卫生措施和其他非药物治疗方法等干预措施不足，通常会考虑药物治疗。本研究提供了关于不同药物类别在催眠适应症中使用的文献综述。褪黑素在患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童和青少年中的使用已得到充分研究，并且对该患者群体的睡眠有积极影响。迄今为止，关于其他药物在原发性失眠或未成年人其他精神疾病背景下的睡眠障碍中的疗效和耐受性的证据很少。因此，首选非药物治疗策略，药物治疗仅在经过严格审查后才应作为次要考虑。
