Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jul;91:2-12. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.007. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Chrondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull, is one of the major innovations that underlie evolution of the vertebrate head. Control of the induction and shaping of the cartilage is a key for the formation of the facial bones and largely defines facial shape. The appearance of cartilage in the head enabled many new functions such as protection of central nervous system and sensory structures, support of the feeding apparatus and formation of muscle attachment points ensuring faster and coordinated jaw movements. Here we review the evolution of cartilage in the cranial region and discuss shaping of the chondrocranium in different groups of vertebrates.
软骨颅，即软骨质头骨，是脊椎动物头部进化的主要创新之一。软骨的诱导和塑形的控制是形成面部骨骼的关键，在很大程度上决定了面部形状。头部软骨的出现使许多新的功能成为可能，如保护中枢神经系统和感觉结构、支撑摄食器官以及形成肌肉附着点，以确保更快和协调的颌部运动。在这里，我们回顾了颅区软骨的进化，并讨论了不同脊椎动物群体中软骨颅的形成。
