EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
Qual Life Res. 2018 May;27(5):1119-1131. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1771-6. Epub 2017 Dec 16.
To synthesize the body of knowledge on the factors influencing the QoL of mothers and fathers of preterm infants.
A scoping review was performed. Publications indexed in PubMed®, Web of Science™, CINAHL® and PsycINFO® were searched, targeting studies presenting original empirical data that examined parental perception on QoL after a preterm delivery. Eligibility and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers. The main quantitative findings were synthesized and qualitative data were explored by content analysis.
The studies, 11 quantitative and 1 mixed methods, were derived mainly from the USA (n = 6). Heterogeneity across the studies was observed regarding the operationalization of QoL and the use of units of analysis (mothers, parents, families and caregivers). In a context where 40 out of 45 covariates were analysed by only one or two studies, results suggested that parental QoL after a preterm delivery is influenced by factors related with mother's characteristics, family issues and health care environment rather than infants' variables. Factors regarding fathers' characteristics and structural levels were not addressed.
Standardizing the operationalization of the QoL when analysing mothers and fathers of preterm infants calls for a structured questionnaire adapted to their specific needs. Further research should include both mothers and fathers, invest in mixed methods approaches and be performed in different countries and settings for allowing integration and comparison of findings.
综合影响早产儿父母生活质量的因素的知识体系。
进行了范围综述。在 PubMed®、Web of Science™、CINAHL®和 PsycINFO®中搜索了索引出版物，目标是研究提出了关于早产儿分娩后父母对生活质量感知的原始实证数据的研究。两名独立研究人员进行了合格性和数据提取。主要的定量发现被综合，定性数据通过内容分析进行了探索。
这些研究包括 11 项定量研究和 1 项混合方法研究，主要来自美国（n=6）。在生活质量的操作化和分析单位（母亲、父母、家庭和照顾者）的使用方面，研究之间存在异质性。在 45 个协变量中有 40 个仅由一个或两个研究进行分析的情况下，结果表明，早产儿父母的生活质量受到与母亲特征、家庭问题和医疗保健环境相关的因素的影响，而不是婴儿的变量。没有涉及与父亲特征和结构水平相关的因素。
在分析早产儿的母亲和父亲时，需要对生活质量进行标准化操作，这需要一个适应他们特定需求的结构化问卷。进一步的研究应包括母亲和父亲，投资于混合方法方法，并在不同的国家和环境中进行，以允许整合和比较研究结果。
