Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 15;624:309-322. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.127. Epub 2017 Dec 16.
Laccase from Phoma sp. UHH 5-1-03 was cross-linked to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes by electron beam irradiation. Immobilised laccase displayed a higher stability than the non-immobilised enzyme with respect to typical wastewater temperatures, and pH at a range of 5 to 9. Batch tests addressed the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs; applied as a mixture of acetaminophen, bezafibrate, indometacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, and naproxen) by both immobilised and non-immobilised laccase in municipal wastewater. High removal rates (>85%) of the most efficiently oxidised PhACs (acetaminophen and mefenamic acid) indicated a high efficiency of the immobilised laccase in wastewater. Continuous elimination of the aforementioned PhACs by the immobilised enzyme in a continuously operated diffusion basket reactor yielded a PhAC removal pattern qualitatively similar to those observed in batch tests. Clearly higher apparent V values and catalytic efficiencies (in terms of both V/S as well as V/K values obtained from data fitting according to the Hill and the Michaelis-Menten model, respectively) observed for acetaminophen oxidation by the immobilised compared to the non-immobilised enzyme are in support of a considerably higher functional stability of the immobilised laccase especially in wastewater. The potential influence of acetaminophen on the removal of comparatively less laccase-oxidisable water pollutants such as the antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) was investigated. TCS was increasingly removed upon increasing the initial acetaminophen concentration in immobilised as well as non-immobilised laccase reaction systems until saturation became evident. Acetaminophen was consumed and not recycled during laccase reactions, which was accompanied by the formation of various acetaminophen-TCS cross-coupling products. Nevertheless, the simultaneous presence of acetaminophen (and potentially even more pollutant removal-enhancing laccase substrates) and more recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater represents an interesting option for the efficiency enhancement of enzyme-based wastewater treatment approaches.
从 Phoma sp. UHH 5-1-03 中提取的漆酶通过电子束辐照交联到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上。固定化漆酶在典型的废水温度和 pH 值范围（5 至 9）下比非固定化酶具有更高的稳定性。批次试验研究了固定化和非固定化漆酶在城市废水中对药物活性化合物（PhACs；作为乙酰氨基酚、贝扎贝特、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、甲芬那酸和萘普生的混合物应用）的去除。最有效地氧化的 PhACs（乙酰氨基酚和甲芬那酸）的高去除率（>85%）表明固定化漆酶在废水中具有很高的效率。在连续操作的扩散篮式反应器中，固定化酶连续消除上述 PhACs 产生的 PhAC 去除模式与在批量试验中观察到的模式定性相似。与非固定化酶相比，固定化酶对乙酰氨基酚氧化的表观 V 值和催化效率（分别根据 Hill 和 Michaelis-Menten 模型拟合数据得到的 V/S 和 V/K 值）明显更高，这支持了固定化漆酶的功能稳定性大大提高，尤其是在废水中。研究了乙酰氨基酚对相对较少的漆酶可氧化水污染物（如抗菌三氯生（TCS））去除的潜在影响。在固定化和非固定化漆酶反应系统中，随着初始乙酰氨基酚浓度的增加，TCS 的去除率逐渐增加，直到达到饱和。在漆酶反应过程中，乙酰氨基酚被消耗而不会被回收，同时形成了各种乙酰氨基酚-TCS 交叉偶联产物。然而，在废水同时存在乙酰氨基酚（甚至可能更有利于去除污染物的漆酶底物）和更难处理的污染物的情况下，这为基于酶的废水处理方法的效率提高提供了一个有趣的选择。
