School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States.
Acta Biomater. 2018 Feb;67:196-205. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.016. Epub 2017 Dec 18.
The synthesis of a fully degradable, bio-based, sustained release, pro-antimicrobial polymer network comprised of degradable acetals (PANDA) is reported. The active antimicrobial agent - p-anisaldehyde (pA) (an extract from star anise) - was converted into a UV curable acetal containing pro-antimicrobial monomer and subsequently photopolymerized into a homogenous thiol-ene network. Under neutral to acidic conditions (pH < 8), the PANDAs undergo surface erosion and exhibit sustained release of pA over 38 days. The release of pA from PANDAs was shown to be effective against both bacterial and fungal pathogens. From a combination of confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that the released pA disrupts the cell membrane. Additionally, we demonstrated that PANDAs have minimal cytotoxicity towards both epithelial cells and macrophages. Although a model platform, these results point to promising pathways for the design of fully degradable sustained-release antimicrobial systems with potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, household/personal care, and food industries.
With the increasing number of patients prescribed immunosuppressants coupled with the rise in antibiotic resistance - life-threatening microbial infections are a looming global threat. With limited success within the antibiotic pipeline, nature-based essential oils (EOs) are being investigated for their multimodal effectiveness against microbes. Despite the promising potential of EOs, difficulties in their encapsulation, limited water solubility, and high volatility limit their use. Various studies have shown that covalent attachment of these EO derivatives to polymers can mitigate these limitations. The current study presents the synthesis of a fully-degradable, sustained release, cytocompatible, pro-antimicrobial acetal network derived from p-anisaldehyde. This polymer network design provides a pathway toward application-specific EO releasing materials with quantitative encapsulation efficiencies, sustained release, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
本研究报告了一种完全可降解、基于生物的、缓释、具有抗菌前体的聚合物网络的合成，该聚合物网络由可降解缩醛（PANDA）组成。活性抗菌剂 - 对茴香醛（pA）（八角茴香提取物） - 被转化为含有抗菌前体单体的可光固化缩醛，随后光聚合形成均匀的硫醇-烯网络。在中性到酸性条件下（pH<8），PANDAs 经历表面侵蚀，并在 38 天内持续释放 pA。研究表明，PANDAs 释放的 pA 对细菌和真菌病原体均有效。通过共聚焦显微镜和透射电子显微镜的组合，我们观察到释放的 pA 破坏了细胞膜。此外，我们还证明 PANDAs 对上皮细胞和巨噬细胞的细胞毒性最小。尽管这是一个模型平台，但这些结果为设计完全可降解的缓释抗菌系统指明了有前途的途径，这些系统可能在农业、制药、化妆品、家庭/个人护理和食品行业中有应用。
随着越来越多的患者被开具免疫抑制剂，再加上抗生素耐药性的上升 - 危及生命的微生物感染是一个迫在眉睫的全球威胁。在抗生素领域的成功有限的情况下，天然基础的精油（EOs）因其对微生物的多模式有效性而受到研究。尽管 EOs 有很大的应用潜力，但它们在封装、有限的水溶性和高挥发性方面存在困难，限制了它们的使用。各种研究表明，将这些 EO 衍生物共价连接到聚合物上可以减轻这些限制。本研究提出了一种完全可降解、缓释、细胞相容、具有抗菌前体的缩醛网络的合成，该网络源自对茴香醛。这种聚合物网络设计为具有特定应用的 EO 释放材料提供了一种途径，具有定量封装效率、持续释放和广谱抗菌活性。
